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Influence of environmental pH variability and thermal sensitivity on the resilience of reef-building corals to acidification stress

环境 pH 值变化和热敏感性对造礁珊瑚对酸化胁迫恢复能力的影响

基本信息

批准号：
1923743
负责人：
Katie Barott
金额：
$ 69.59万
依托单位：
University of Pennsylvania
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-10-01 至 2024-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1923743&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Influence environmental pH variability thermal

项目摘要

Coral reefs are incredibly diverse ecosystems that provide food, tourism revenue, and shoreline protection for coastal communities. The ability of coral reefs to continue providing these services to society is currently threatened by climate change, which has led to increasing ocean temperatures and acidity that can lead to the death of corals, the animals that build the reef framework upon which so many species depend. This project examines how temperature and acidification stress work together to influence the future health and survival of corals. The scientists are carrying out the project in Hawaii where they have found individual corals with different sensitivities to temperature stress that are living on reefs with different environmental pH conditions. This project improves understanding of how an individual coral?s history influences its response to multiple stressors and helps identify the conditions that are most likely to support resilient coral communities. The project will generate extensive biological and physicochemical data that will be made freely available. Furthermore, this project supports the education and training of undergraduate and high school students and one postdoctoral researcher in marine science and coral reef ecology. Hands-on activities for high school students are being developed into a free online educational resource. This project compares coral responses to acidification stress in populations experiencing distinct pH dynamics (high diel variability vs. low diel variability) and with distinct thermal tolerances (historically bleaching sensitive vs. tolerant) to learn about how coral responses to these two factors differ between coral species and within populations. Experiments focus on the two dominant reef builders found at these stable and variable pH reefs: Montipora capitata and Porites compressa. Individuals of each species exhibiting different thermal sensitivities (i.e., bleached vs. pigmented) were tagged during the 2015 global coral bleaching event. This system tests the hypotheses that 1) corals living on reefs with larger diel pH fluctuations have greater resilience to acidification stress, 2) coral resilience to acidification is a plastic trait that can be promoted via acclimatization, and 3) thermally sensitive corals have reduced capacity to cope with pH stress, which is exacerbated at elevated temperatures. Coral cells isolated from colonies from each environmental and bleaching history are exposed to acute pH stress and examined for their ability to recover intracellular pH in vivo using confocal microscopy, and the expression level of proteins predicted to be involved in this recovery (e.g., proton transporters) is examined via Western blot and immunolocalization. Corals from each pH history are exposed to stable and variable seawater pH in a controlled aquarium setting to determine the level of plasticity of acidification resilience and to test for pH acclimatization in this system. Finally, corals with different levels of thermal sensitivity are exposed to thermal stress and recovery, and their ability to regulate pH is examined over time. The results of these experiments help identify reef conditions that promote coral resilience to ocean acidification against the background of increasingly common thermal stress events, while advancing mechanistic understanding of coral physiology and symbiosis.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

珊瑚礁是令人难以置信的多样化生态系统，为沿海社区提供食物，旅游收入和海岸线保护。珊瑚礁继续为社会提供这些服务的能力目前受到气候变化的威胁，气候变化导致海洋温度和酸度上升，可能导致珊瑚死亡，而珊瑚是许多物种赖以生存的珊瑚礁框架的动物。该项目研究了温度和酸化压力如何共同影响珊瑚未来的健康和生存。科学家们正在夏威夷开展该项目，他们在那里发现了对温度压力具有不同敏感性的个体珊瑚，这些珊瑚生活在具有不同环境pH值条件的珊瑚礁上。这个项目提高了人们对单个珊瑚？珊瑚礁的历史影响其对多种压力源的反应，并有助于确定最有可能支持珊瑚群落恢复力的条件。该项目将产生广泛的生物和物理化学数据，并将免费提供。此外，该项目还支持本科生和高中生以及一名海洋科学和珊瑚礁生态学博士后研究员的教育和培训。高中生的动手活动正在开发成一个免费的在线教育资源。该项目比较了经历不同pH值动态（高昼夜变化与低昼夜变化）和不同耐热性（历史上漂白敏感与耐受性）的珊瑚对酸化压力的反应，以了解珊瑚物种之间和种群内珊瑚对这两个因素的反应如何不同。实验集中在两个占主导地位的建礁发现在这些稳定和可变pH值的珊瑚礁：Montipora capitata和Porites compressa。每个物种的个体表现出不同的热敏感性（即，漂白与着色）在2015年全球珊瑚漂白事件期间被标记。该系统测试了以下假设：1）生活在昼夜pH值波动较大的珊瑚礁上的珊瑚对酸化压力具有更大的弹性，2）珊瑚对酸化的弹性是一种可通过驯化促进的塑性特征，以及3）热敏感珊瑚科普pH值压力的能力降低，这在升高的温度下加剧。将从来自每个环境和漂白历史的菌落分离的珊瑚细胞暴露于急性pH应激，并使用共聚焦显微镜检查它们在体内恢复细胞内pH的能力，以及预测参与这种恢复的蛋白质（例如，质子转运蛋白）通过蛋白质印迹和免疫定位进行检测。珊瑚从每个pH值的历史暴露于稳定和可变的海水pH值在受控的水族馆设置，以确定酸化弹性的可塑性水平，并测试在这个系统中的pH值驯化。最后，将具有不同程度热敏感性的珊瑚暴露于热应力和恢复，并随着时间的推移检查它们调节pH值的能力。这些实验的结果有助于确定珊瑚礁的条件，促进珊瑚对海洋酸化的适应能力，同时促进对珊瑚生理学和共生的机械理解。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。