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Modeling of Crater Floor Deformation in Relationship with Lava Lake Activity

火山口底变形与熔岩湖活动关系的建模

基本信息

批准号：
1923943
负责人：
Christelle Wauthier
金额：
$ 19.98万
依托单位：
Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-08-01 至 2023-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1923943&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Modeling Crater Floor Deformation Relationship

项目摘要

Volcanoes create natural hazards (lava flows, ash plumes, earthquakes etc.) that can pose risk to the local population and economy. This project aims to better understand how volcanoes work and forecast future eruptions, knowing where and how much magma is located beneath the volcano. Magma conduits and storage areas beneath a volcano constitute the magma plumbing system. Lava lakes offer a unique window into the superficial part of a magma plumbing system. However, only a few volcanoes on Earth host a lava lake (semi-) permanently. Nyiragongo Volcano in the Democratic Republic of Congo, hosts the largest lava lake on Earth. Nyamulagira Volcano, the neighbor of Nyiragongo Volcano, also hosts a small lava lake in a pit crater since 2014. By imaging the ground deformation around lava lakes in the summit areas of those volcanoes, we can model and visualize the magma plumbing system. The two volcanoes targeted for analysis in this project are hazardous and can quickly transition from open-vent lava lake activity to dangerous and fast eruptions. In particular, the hazards posed by Nyiragongo are considerable, as highlighted by the last deadly eruption in 2002. Given that other volcanoes in the U.S. (Hawaii) and elsewhere share similarities with the Congo volcanoes, the research proposed here has broad implications for volcanoes and eruption forecasting worldwide. This project is conducted in collaboration with scientists in Belgium and will support research and graduate and undergraduate education and training at Pennsylvania State University. This project will address the following question at two hazardous volcanoes hosting lava lakes: What is causing the deformation of Nyiragongo and Nyamulagira (Democratic Republic of Congo)'s crater floors? The project will take advantage of recent spatially and temporally dense Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) datasets acquired over Nyiragongo and Nyamulagira volcanoes (Democratic Republic of Congo). Those dense datasets are processed with a recently developed InSAR time series approach, the Multidimensional Small BAseline Subset (MSBAS) method (Samsonov and d'Oreye, 2012) that allows to ingest different satellite and orbits within the same SBAS algorithm to output a detailed time-series of ground displacements. Then, the project will aim to model the ground surface deformation observed in the summit areas of both volcanoes during periods of various lava lake activity. The ground deformation of the crater floors is due to one, or a combination of, the following factors that will each need to be thoroughly investigated and tested at each volcano: lava flow cooling and subsidence, pressure changes in a shallow reservoir, motion along caldera ring faults, and magma intrusion cooling and subsidence. By integrating several remote sensing geodetic (ground surface deformation) datasets processed with an innovative time series approach, with other remote sensing based lava lake surface heights, thermal anomalies and gas (i.e., SO2), together with other ground-based measurements such as seismic and gas, a conceptual model of the shallow part of the magma plumbing system will be developed at two volcanic systems. This project is cofunded by the Prediction of and Resilience against Extreme Events (PREEVENTS) program.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

火山造成的自然灾害（熔岩流、火山灰羽流、地震等）可能给当地人口和经济带来风险。该项目旨在更好地了解火山的工作原理并预测未来的喷发，了解火山下方的岩浆位置和数量。火山下方的岩浆管道和储存区域构成了岩浆管道系统。熔岩湖为了解岩浆管道系统的表层部分提供了一个独特的窗口。然而，地球上只有少数火山拥有（半）永久的熔岩湖。刚果民主共和国的尼拉贡戈火山拥有地球上最大的熔岩湖。自 2014 年以来，尼亚穆拉吉拉火山是尼拉贡戈火山的邻居，在火山口中也有一个小型熔岩湖。通过对这些火山山顶区域熔岩湖周围的地面变形进行成像，我们可以对岩浆管道系统进行建模和可视化。本项目中分析的两座火山具有危险性，可以迅速从露天熔岩湖活动转变为危险且快速的喷发。特别是，尼拉贡戈火山造成的危害相当大，2002 年最后一次致命的喷发就凸显了这一点。鉴于美国（夏威夷）和其他地方的其他火山与刚果火山有相似之处，这里提出的研究对全球火山和喷发预测具有广泛的影响。该项目是与比利时科学家合作进行的，将支持宾夕法尼亚州立大学的研究以及研究生和本科生教育和培训。该项目将解决两座拥有熔岩湖的危险火山的以下问题：是什么导致尼拉贡戈和尼亚穆拉吉拉（刚果民主共和国）火山口底部变形？该项目将利用最近在尼拉贡戈火山和尼亚穆拉吉拉火山（刚果民主共和国）上获取的时空密集的合成孔径雷达（SAR）数据集。这些密集的数据集使用最近开发的 InSAR 时间序列方法进行处理，即多维小基线子集 (MSBAS) 方法（Samsonov 和 d'Oreye，2012），该方法允许在同一 SBAS 算法中摄取不同的卫星和轨道，以输出详细的地面位移时间序列。然后，该项目的目标是模拟在各种熔岩湖活动期间在两座火山山顶区域观察到的地表变形。火山口底部的地面变形是由以下因素之一或多种因素造成的，这些因素都需要在每座火山上进行彻底的调查和测试：熔岩流冷却和沉降、浅层储层的压力变化、沿破火山口环断层的运动以及岩浆侵入冷却和沉降。通过将采用创新时间序列方法处理的多个遥感大地测量（地表变形）数据集与其他基于遥感的熔岩湖表面高度、热异常和气体（即 SO2）以及地震和气体等其他地面测量数据相结合，将在两个火山系统中开发岩浆管道系统浅部的概念模型。该项目由极端事件预测和恢复力 (PREEVENTS) 计划共同资助。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（4）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Remote volcano monitoring using crowd-sourced imagery and Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry: A case study of Oldoinyo Lengai's active pit crater since the 2007–08 paroxysm

使用众包图像和运动结构摄影测量进行远程火山监测：以 2007 年 8 月火山爆发以来 Oldoinyo Lengai 活火山口为例

DOI：
10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2023.107918
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Tournigand, Pierre-Yves;Smets, Benoît;Laxton, Kate;Dille, Antoine;France, Lydéric;Chazot, Gilles;Ho, Cristy;Wauthier, Christelle;Nicholson, Emma J.;Kasanzu, Charles Happe
通讯作者：
Kasanzu, Charles Happe

Ground deformation and lava accumulation measurements in volcanic craters using UAS image acquisitions and 4D photogrammetry

使用 UAS 图像采集和 4D 摄影测量测量火山口的地面变形和熔岩堆积