CNH2-L: Social and ecological determinants of multi-host vector-borne infections in dynamic tropical landscapes

CNH2-L：动态热带景观中多宿主媒介传播感染的社会和生态决定因素

• 批准号: 1924200
• 负责人: Nicole Gottdenker
• 金额: $ 159.99万
• 依托单位: University of Georgia Research Foundation Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-10-01 至 2025-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1924200&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CNH2; Social; ecological; determinants; multi

This research examines the effects of human activity, including deforestation and reforestation, on the transmission of two vector-borne diseases of public health concern, Chagas Disease (CD) and American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL). CD causes heart disease, while ACL causes skin lesions that can be painful and persist for months to years. This project also investigates how ecological changes, disease transmission, risk management practices, and public policy simultaneously affect human activity. Project investigators elucidate how the dynamics of zoonotic pathogens in changing landscapes depend on complex interactions between social and environmental conditions. As many vector-borne diseases are expanding their ranges, this project provides public health officials data and strategies needed to anticipate the northward advance of CD, ACL, and other vector-borne diseases. Through collaboration with the Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, this project improves vector-control and disease management policies, with a direct impact on human health. This project provides education and training to undergraduate, graduate, and professional students, as well as public health workers, in the United States and Panama. This research contributes to advancements in the dynamics of socio-environmental systems by integrating disease ecology and social sciences. There has been increasing attention in disease ecology to theoretical and empirical studies of the ecological drivers of deforestation-associated zoonotic disease emergence, while at the same time in the social sciences there is growing knowledge about the economic and cultural drivers of, and responses to, forest change in the tropics. However, there is urgency in synthesizing this knowledge as the range for many vector-borne diseases expands out of the tropics. The investigators integrate social and ecological theory in model-guided empirical research that analyzes co-occurring vector-borne zoonotic diseases, Chagas Disease (CD) and American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL), in dynamic tropical forest landscapes. Using research methodologies from theoretical population biology, field ecology, veterinary epidemiology, and the social sciences, this multidisciplinary team develops a new and transferable framework for representing the combination of land conversion, related human activities, ecological communities, as well as their relationship to vector-borne disease transmission. Data will be gathered using ecological and social surveys, and these will be integrated using a computer model for land use change and disease transmission. The research focuses on three questions: (1) What human and environmental factors determine parasite transmission and human exposure within habitat types? (2) How does the timing and history of land conversion affect ACL and CD transmission? (3) What determines human perceptions and behaviors relating to infection risk across land types? The first question will be answered by determining relative vector abundance (by collecting sand-fly and kissing bug vectors), sampling domestic dogs from households as sentinels for CD and ACL, gathering microclimate data from households and vector habitats, and gathering anthropogenic data from direct observation and household interviews. To answer the second question, investigators will compile and analyze historical satellite imagery, air photos, regional land records, public health records on ACL and CD presence, data on vector habitat distribution, and survey public health officials to determine how human awareness of CD and ACL may change as length of time since deforestation increases. The third question will be assessed using a household survey and data from the local health system, comparing responses to time since deforestation and estimated infection risk from ACL and CD.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项研究考察了人类活动，包括砍伐森林和重新造林，对两种由媒介传播的公共卫生疾病--恰加斯病(CD)和美国皮肤利什曼病(ACL)--的传播的影响。CD导致心脏病，而ACL导致皮肤损伤，可能会疼痛，并持续数月至数年。该项目还调查了生态变化、疾病传播、风险管理做法和公共政策如何同时影响人类活动。项目调查人员阐明了人畜共患病原体在不断变化的景观中的动态如何依赖于社会和环境条件之间的复杂相互作用。由于许多媒介传播的疾病正在扩大其范围，该项目为公共卫生官员提供了预测CD、ACL和其他媒介传播疾病向北推进所需的数据和战略。通过与戈尔加斯健康研究纪念研究所的合作，该项目改进了病媒控制和疾病管理政策，对人类健康产生了直接影响。该项目为美国和巴拿马的本科生、研究生和专业学生以及公共卫生工作者提供教育和培训。这项研究通过整合疾病、生态学和社会科学，促进了社会环境系统动力学的进步。疾病生态学越来越重视对森林砍伐引起的人畜共患疾病出现的生态驱动因素进行的理论和实证研究，同时，在社会科学领域，关于热带森林变化的经济和文化驱动因素及其应对措施的知识也在不断增加。然而，随着许多病媒传播疾病的范围扩大到热带以外，迫切需要综合这些知识。研究人员将社会和生态理论整合到模型指导的实证研究中，分析了在动态的热带森林景观中共同发生的媒介传播的人畜共患病--恰加斯病(CD)和美国皮肤利什曼病(ACL)。利用理论种群生物学、田间生态学、兽医流行病学和社会科学的研究方法，这个多学科团队开发了一个新的、可移植的框架，以表示土地转化、相关人类活动、生态社区以及它们与病媒传播疾病的关系的组合。将使用生态和社会调查收集数据，并使用土地利用变化和疾病传播的计算机模型将这些数据整合在一起。研究集中在三个问题上：(1)哪些人类和环境因素决定了寄生虫的传播和人类在不同生境类型中的暴露；(2)土地转换的时间和历史如何影响ACL和CD的传播？(3)是什么决定了人类对不同土地类型感染风险的感知和行为？第一个问题的答案将是确定媒介的相对丰度(通过收集沙蝇和亲吻昆虫媒介)，从家庭中抽取家犬作为CD和ACL的哨兵，收集家庭和媒介生境的小气候数据，并从直接观察和家庭访谈中收集人类数据。为了回答第二个问题，调查人员将汇编和分析历史卫星图像、航空照片、区域土地记录、关于ACL和Cd存在的公共卫生记录、媒介栖息地分布数据，并对公共卫生官员进行调查，以确定自森林砍伐以来，随着时间的推移，人类对Cd和Cd的认识可能会如何变化。第三个问题将使用家庭调查和来自当地卫生系统的数据进行评估，比较自森林砍伐以来对时间的反应以及来自ACL和CD的估计感染风险。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Reifications in Disease Ecology 2: Towards a Decolonized Pedagogy Enabling Science by, and for, the People

疾病生态学的具体化 2：迈向非殖民化的教育学，使科学由人民掌握、为人民服务

• DOI: 10.1080/10455752.2022.2152065
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Capitalism Nature Socialism
• 作者: Chaves, Luis Fernando;Gottdenker, Nicole L.;Runk, Julie Velasquez;Bergmann, Luke R.
• 通讯作者: Bergmann, Luke R.

Reifications in Disease Ecology 1: Demystifying Land Use Change in Pathogen Emergence

疾病生态学具体化 1：揭秘病原体出现时的土地利用变化

• DOI: 10.1080/10455752.2022.2144397
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Capitalism Nature Socialism
• 作者: Chaves, Luis Fernando;Runk, Julie Velasquez;Bergmann, Luke R.;Gottdenker, Nicole L.
• 通讯作者: Gottdenker, Nicole L.