Collaborative Research: Leveraging the AMOC arrays and models to understand heat and freshwater transports in the North Atlantic

大西洋经向翻转环流（AMOC）是影响天气和气候的热量和淡水的大规模再分配。该项目将使用海洋环流的数值模型来检查北大西洋系泊处的长期观测记录。目标包括诊断AMOC的质量、热量和淡水通量，并评估系泊处的海洋特性观测与其他地点的海洋或大气特性之间的关系。该项目还将确定观测AMOC的最佳系泊阵列设计。该项目包括向初高中学生推广北大西洋及其在气候中的独特作用。该项目将使用一套海洋模型，包括ECCO变分数据同化模型系统，来检查北大西洋系泊阵列（包括OSNAP和RAPID-MOCHA）的长时间序列观测结果。目标包括：将大西洋阵列数据同化到全球和区域海洋状态估计中，以评估它们对全球海洋观测系统独立要素的附加价值；诊断阵列观测到的质量、热量和淡水输运变率与大气强迫的关系；确定阵列数据作为与海洋和气候相关的远程、未观测变量或指数的代理的潜力；确定用于观测AMOC的OSNAP阵列的最佳重新设计。拟议的研究将补充NSF正在进行的主要投资，通过AMOC观察海洋在气候中的作用，并承诺确保未来的投资尽可能有效。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is a large-scale redistribution of heat and freshwater that impacts weather and climate. This project will use numerical models of the ocean circulation to examine the long record of observations from moorings deployed in the North Atlantic. The goals include diagnosing the mass, heat, and freshwater fluxes of the AMOC and assessing the relationships between observations of ocean properties at the moorings and ocean or atmospheric properties at other locations. The project will also determine the optimal mooring array design for observing the AMOC. The project includes outreach to middle and high school students entered around the North Atlantic Ocean and its unique role in climate.This project will use a suite of ocean models, including the ECCO variational data assimilation model system, to examine the long time-series of observations from North Atlantic mooring arrays (including OSNAP and RAPID-MOCHA). The goals include: assimilation of Atlantic array data into global and regional ocean state estimates to assess the value they add to independent elements of the Global Ocean Observing System; diagnosing relationship of observed mass, heat and freshwater transport variability at the arrays to causal atmospheric forcing; identification of the potential for the array data to serve as proxies for remote, unobserved variables or indices of key oceanic and climatic relevance; and determining the optimal redesign of the OSNAP array for observing AMOC. The proposed research will complement ongoing major investments by NSF in observing the ocean role in climate through the AMOC and promises to ensure that future investments are as effective as possible.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.