Collaborative Research: NNA Track 1: Sustainably Navigating Arctic Pollution Through Engaging Communities (SNAP-TEC)

导航新北极（NNA）是美国国家科学基金会的十大构想之一。NNA项目解决快速变化的北极地区的融合科学挑战。北极研究需要为国家、更大地区和全球的经济、安全和复原力提供信息。NNA支持从地方到国际规模的新研究伙伴关系，使下一代北极研究人员多样化，并整合知识的共同生产。这个奖项部分实现了这一目标。北极寒冷而黑暗的冬季条件导致频繁的空气质量差事件与当地排放以及逆温有关，逆温将污染物困在人们居住的地区。基础设施规划，如能源生产和工业活动，以及住宅取暖燃料的选择，如木材，燃料油或其他是这个问题的关键方面。冬季，居民大部分时间都在室内度过，因此大部分污染物暴露都发生在室内。在此背景下，发现了以下方面的基本知识缺口：室外/室内空气运输、室内污染源（如泄漏的加热器具）以及北极条件下污染物的化学转化。必须消除这些差距，以了解空气污染对北极社区的影响，并改善社区健康。可持续应对北极污染——通过社区参与（SNAP-TEC）的重点是提高对北极冬季室外和室内空气污染的认识。与社区成员的讨论将有助于研究人员确定当地对空气质量的关切，并设计适当的可持续发展框架，以改善北极人民的空气质量。为了在自然环境、建筑环境和社会系统的交叉点调查冬季北极空气污染问题，SNAP-TEC采用了一种融合方法，从社区参与过程开始，建立一个对社区有直接影响的研究和知识共同产生计划。这个项目是在国际全球大气化学（IGAC）项目活动“北极的空气污染：气候、环境和社会”（PACES）和阿拉斯加分层污染和化学分析（ALPACA）项目的组织努力下发展起来的，这两个项目记录了这一领域的知识差距（参见ALPACA白皮书，可以在网上找到）。SNAP-TEC汇集了一个多学科团队来调查这一问题，中心重点是阿拉斯加费尔班克斯的冬季实地活动，在那里，围绕空气质量差的科学和社会问题可以作为一个案例研究，为更广泛的北极地区类似城市和村庄的实践和政策提供信息。由此产生的污染源和化学、住房和污染控制技术以及社会方面的知识可以帮助新北极社区规划适合居民的解决方案。当地居民和土著居民最有可能受到北极开发的影响，因此我们的社区参与过程将包括当地费尔班克斯居民和阿拉斯加土著社区成员。该项目使用最先进的仪器测量室内和室外空气质量，以提高对寒冷和黑暗条件下空气污染源和化学过程的基本认识，室内/室外空气交换和室内条件下污染物的物理化学变化，硫氧化化学和空气污染的毒性。实地项目与社区会议、公众参与科学数据收集（又称公民科学，使用廉价的空气质量传感器监测）和一项调查相结合，以评估公众对空气质量的理解、对科学的信任、感知风险和不确定性以及对空气质量政策的支持。SNAP-TEC研究团队由自然和社会科学家和工程师组成，并有广泛的学生参与，以解决这个问题。通过国际pace组织，从这次调查中吸取的经验教训将通过确定基本过程和最佳做法扩展到国际泛北极范围，为北极的发展和未来的研究提供信息。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Navigating the New Arctic (NNA) is one of NSF's 10 Big Ideas. NNA projects address convergence scientific challenges in the rapidly changing Arctic. The Arctic research is needed to inform the economy, security and resilience of the Nation, the larger region and the globe. NNA empowers new research partnerships from local to international scales, diversifies the next generation of Arctic researchers, and integrates the co-production of knowledge. This award fulfills part of that aim.The cold and dark wintertime conditions of the Arctic lead to frequent poor air quality episodes linked to local emissions along with temperature inversions that trap pollutants in the areas where people live. Infrastructure planning such as energy generation and industrial activities along with residential choices of heating fuels such as wood, fuel oil or others are critical aspects of this problem. Residents spend the majority of their time indoors during wintertime, so most exposure to pollutants occurs indoors. From this background, fundamental knowledge gaps were identified in: outdoor/indoor air transport, indoor pollution sources such as leaky heating appliances, and chemical transformation of pollutants under these Arctic conditions. These gaps must be closed to understand the impacts of air pollution on Arctic communities and improve community health. Sustainably Navigating Arctic Pollution -- Through Engaging Communities (SNAP-TEC) focuses on improving understanding of wintertime Arctic outdoor and indoor air pollution. Discussions with community members will assist researchers in identifying local concerns regarding air quality and in designing appropriate sustainable development frameworks with the goal of improving air quality for Arctic peoples. To investigate wintertime Arctic air pollution issues at the intersection of the natural and built environments and social systems, SNAP-TEC uses a convergence approach that starts with a community engagement process to build a research and co-generation of knowledge program that has direct impacts on the community. This project has grown out of organizing efforts under the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) Project activity "air Pollution in the Arctic: Climate, Environment and Societies" (PACES) and the Alaskan Layered Pollution and Chemical Analysis (ALPACA) project, which have documented knowledge gaps in this area (see the ALPACA whitepaper, readily available online). SNAP-TEC brings together a multi-disciplinary team to investigate this problem, with the center focus being a wintertime field campaign in Fairbanks, Alaska, where the scientific and social issues surrounding poor air quality can serve as a case study to inform practice and policy in similar cities and villages across the broader Arctic region. The resulting knowledge of pollution sources and chemistry, housing and pollution control technology, and social aspects can assist New Arctic communities to plan appropriate solutions that work for residents. Local and Indigenous peoples are most likely to be affected by Arctic development, so our community engagement process will include local Fairbanks residents and Alaska Native community members. The project measures indoor and outdoor air quality using state-of-the art instrumentation to advance fundamental understanding of air pollution sources and chemical processes under cold and dark conditions, indoor/outdoor air exchange and physicochemical changes to pollutants upon warming to indoor conditions, sulfur oxidation chemistry, and toxicity of air pollution. The field program is combined with community meetings, public participation in scientific data collection (a.k.a. citizen science, using inexpensive air-quality sensor monitoring) and a survey to assess public understanding of air quality, trust in science, perceived risk and uncertainty, and support for air quality policies. The SNAP-TEC research team involves a diverse group of natural and social scientists and engineers with extensive student involvement to address the problem. Through the international PACES organization, lessons learned from this investigation will be extended to an international pan-Arctic context through identification of fundamental processes and best practices, informing Arctic development and future studies.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.