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Pollen: A model system for computational and experimental study of plant biomechanics at the cellular scale

花粉：细胞尺度植物生物力学计算和实验研究的模型系统

基本信息

批准号：
1929355
负责人：
Elizabeth Haswell
金额：
$ 95.48万
依托单位：
Washington University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-09-01 至 2023-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1929355&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Pollen model system computational experimental

项目摘要

The ability to sense and respond to mechanical force is critical for the proper function of cells, tissues, and organisms in all kingdoms of life. The emerging field of mechanobiology seeks to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these responses. This project investigates the mechanobiology of plants, which involves the dynamic integration of internal and external mechanical stimuli throughout growth and development. The overarching goal of this research is to develop the Arabidopsis thaliana pollen grain into a useful system for the study of plant mechanobiology. As pollen is particularly susceptible to heat and humidity, understanding how pollen grains respond to water stresses may help improve food security in a changing climate. Podcasting as well as existing structures for elementary school curriculum development at Washington University will be used to recruit, mentor, and retain a diverse global community of motivated plant biologists and to encourage an appreciation for plant biology in the general public.The research will advance our knowledge of cell mechanobiology by investigating three key components of the Arabidopsis pollen grain during the processes of hydration, germination and tube growth: mechanosensitive ion channels, the cell wall, and the plasma membrane. All three aims integrate computational approaches (kinetic model equations, finite element modeling, and computational fluid dynamics) with experimental approaches (molecular genetics, live-imaging, plant physiology, and electrophysiology). Three hypotheses will be tested: 1) Mechanosensitive ion channels serve as osmotic safety valves that tune hydrostatic pressure during pollen hydration, germination and tube growth; 2) Local differences in the structure and composition of the pollen grain cell wall dictate the mechanics of hydration and germination; and 3) The pollen plasma membrane area and the number of active mechanosensitive channels in it change during hydration, and these changes affect pollen grain mechanics. The work will involve the training of undergraduate and graduate students. This award is supported by the Cellular Dynamics and Function program in the Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences and the Physiological Mechanisms and Biomechanics program in the Division of Integrative Organismal Systems.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

感知和响应机械力的能力对于所有生命王国中的细胞、组织和有机体的正常功能至关重要。新兴的机械生物学领域试图了解这些反应背后的分子和细胞机制。该项目研究植物的机械生物学，其中包括在整个生长和发育过程中内部和外部机械刺激的动态整合。本研究的首要目标是将拟南芥花粉粒开发成用于植物机械生物学研究的有用系统。由于花粉特别容易受到热量和湿度的影响，因此了解花粉粒如何应对水分胁迫可能有助于改善气候变化中的粮食安全。播客以及华盛顿大学现有的小学课程开发结构将被用来招募，指导和留住一个多元化的全球社区积极的植物生物学家，并鼓励在一般公众中欣赏植物生物学。这项研究将通过调查拟南芥花粉粒在水合过程中的三个关键成分，萌发和管生长：机械敏感离子通道，细胞壁和质膜。所有这三个目标都将计算方法（动力学模型方程、有限元建模和计算流体动力学）与实验方法（分子遗传学、活体成像、植物生理学和电生理学）相结合。本研究将检验三个假设：1）机械敏感离子通道作为渗透安全阀调节花粉水合、萌发和花粉管生长过程中的静水压力; 2）花粉粒细胞壁结构和组成的局部差异决定了水合和萌发的机制; 3）花粉质膜面积和质膜上活性机械敏感通道的数量在水化过程中发生变化，从而影响花粉粒的力学性质。这项工作将涉及培训本科生和研究生。该奖项由分子和细胞生物科学部的细胞动力学和功能项目以及综合有机系统部的生理机制和生物力学项目支持。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。