Ethical considerations and standards

道德考虑和标准

• 批准号: 239649889
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Urban Wiesing
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Internationales Zentrum für Ethik in den Wissenschaften (IZEW)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2012-12-31 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/239649889?language=en
• 关键词: Ethical; considerations; standards

There is great controversy on the questions whether, when and how experiments with non-human primates are ethically justifiable. Because of the close phylogenetic relationship, many claim that non-human primates are the best model to address particular research questions. On the contrary, others argue that exactly the evolutionary similarities are the reason why they object experiments with non-human primates as a matter of principle. They argue that ethical justification supporting non-human primate research should also hold true for doing the research directly on humans. There is no reason to expect that the moral dissent with respect to ethical justification of research involving non-human primates, particularly in a global context, will disappear. Regardless of the fundamental dissent, practical decisions have to be made. The main objective of this ethical research project is to provide the ethical and historical background for enabling non-arbitrary decisions in a situation of fundamental dissent. Therefore, five research goals are essential: 1. Systematic Overview A systematic overview of the different ethical positions on using non-human primates for research will be given. Positions will be described and ordered with respect to the degree of promoting or objecting research on non-human primates. The criteria of ethical relevance will be presented and implicit presuppositions will be explicated. 2. Historical Overview of Ethics of Non-human Primate Research and Its Cultural Background A historical overview of the ethics of non-human primate research and its cultural background will be elaborated. On the basis of official decisions and regulations, cultural differences will be set out and correlated to the systematic overview of ethical positions and arguments. 3. Gradualist Paradigm With respect to the fundamental dissent, a gradualist model will be set up concerning the ethical acceptability of non-human primate research. Proceeding pragmatically, this paradigm will provide a ranking order, which presents research settings step by step from the most acceptable ones to ethically more problematic ones. This pragmatic proceeding is based on the conviction that even in case of moral dissent a consensus might be possible about the question concerning which options are more and which options are less acceptable. The underlying arguments for the gradual assessment of the different options will be analysed. Against the backdrop of such a gradualist model, arguments can be provided as a basis for a decision in coherence with other moral decisions in biomedical research. 4. Directory of Official Decisions All relevant official decisions, regulations and laws with respect to non-human primate research in North-America and Europe will be documented in a directory. Via an internet platform we will provide open access to this database for all members of the research group and others. 5. Ethics Consultation During the funding period of the research group, we provide ethical consultation for planning research projects. We offer to give advice on how to design experiments with non-human primates with consideration of the ethical dimension.

关于用非人灵长类动物做实验是否、何时以及如何在伦理上是正当的，存在着很大的争议。由于密切的系统发育关系，许多人声称非人类灵长类动物是解决特定研究问题的最佳模型。相反，另一些人认为，正是进化上的相似性是他们反对用非人类灵长类动物做实验的原则原因。他们认为，支持非人类灵长类动物研究的伦理理由也应该适用于直接对人类进行研究。没有理由期望，对涉及非人类灵长类动物的研究的道德辩护的道德异议，特别是在全球范围内，会消失。不管有什么基本的不同意见，都必须做出实际的决定。这一伦理研究项目的主要目标是提供伦理和历史背景，以便在存在根本分歧的情况下能够作出非武断的决定。因此，五个研究目标是必不可少的：1。系统概述将给出关于使用非人灵长类动物进行研究的不同伦理立场的系统概述。职位将根据促进或反对非人灵长类动物研究的程度进行描述和排序。伦理相关性的标准将被提出，隐含的预设将被阐明。2.非人灵长类动物研究伦理及其文化背景的历史概述将阐述非人灵长类动物研究伦理及其文化背景的历史概述。在官方决定和法规的基础上，将阐述文化差异，并将其与伦理立场和论点的系统概述相关联。3.渐进主义范式针对基本异议，本文将建立一个关于非人灵长类动物研究伦理可接受性的渐进主义范式。从实用的角度出发，这种范式将提供一个排序顺序，从最可接受的到伦理上更有问题的，一步一步地呈现研究设置。这种务实的做法是基于这样一种信念，即即使在道德上存在分歧的情况下，也有可能就哪些选择更可取，哪些选择更不可接受的问题达成共识。将分析逐步评估不同备选方案的基本论点。在这种渐进模式的背景下，可以提供论据作为与生物医学研究中的其他道德决定一致的决定的基础。4.官方决定目录所有与北美和欧洲非人灵长类动物研究相关的官方决定、法规和法律都将记录在一个目录中。通过互联网平台，我们将为研究小组的所有成员和其他人提供对该数据库的开放访问。5.伦理咨询在研究小组的资助期间，我们为规划研究项目提供伦理咨询。我们提供建议，如何设计实验与非人类灵长类动物的考虑伦理层面。