Collaborative Research: BEE: Understanding Evolutionary Rescue

合作研究：BEE：理解进化拯救

• 批准号: 1930222
• 负责人: Brett Melbourne
• 金额: $ 29.98万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-11-01 至 2024-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1930222&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; BEE; Understanding; Evolutionary

This research will explore how evolution can rescue a population from extinction due to drastic changes in the environment. When those changes are rapid, the plants, animals, and other organisms living in a place can go extinct, particularly when populations are small and movement between them is difficult. Under some circumstances, rapid adaptation to altered conditions can allow those small populations to grow and avoid extinction. This project focuses on the factors that determine whether populations adapt and persist or go extinct including: the size of the place, the size of the population, the amount of genetic variation a population has, and whether movement between places is possible or not. Given rapid environmental changes that are occurring worldwide, the information gained will be crucial for successful management of both endangered species and invasive pests. Undergraduate and graduate students will be involved in the research, and outreach to the public through the Colorado State University Bug Zoo will enhance societal understanding of conservation and species management.Theory and experiments show that adaptation can be rapid enough to prevent or delay extinctions: the process of evolutionary rescue. Most empirical studies of evolutionary rescue use haploid microorganisms. However, the species most at risk of extinction are larger diploid organisms. In these species, the standing genetic variation of deleterious alleles is high, and populations are often small, favoring drift and inbreeding relative to selection. Theoretical and empirical studies of rescue often fail to account for randomness in ecological processes or for processes that can inhibit population growth, such as density dependence, genetic drift, and inbreeding, which counter the effects of adaptive evolution. Using a model biological system (Tribolium castaneum flour beetles) the researchers will conduct experiments that manipulate population history, size, density, dispersal rate, and dispersal source, compared to non-evolving controls, and will examine consequences for fitness, extinction, and genomic diversity. The experiments will be paired with new, combined ecological and evolutionary models that will facilitate quantifying experimental results and allow the research to be generalized to other species.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项研究将探索进化如何拯救由于环境急剧变化而灭绝的种群。当这些变化迅速时，生活在一个地方的植物，动物和其他生物可能会灭绝，特别是当人口很少并且它们之间的移动很困难时。在某些情况下，快速适应变化的条件可以使这些小种群增长并避免灭绝。该项目的重点是决定种群是否适应和持续生存或灭绝的因素，包括：地方的大小，种群的大小，种群的遗传变异量，以及地方之间的移动是否可能。鉴于世界范围内正在发生的快速环境变化，所获得的信息对于成功管理濒危物种和入侵害虫至关重要。本科生和研究生将参与这项研究，通过科罗拉多州立大学昆虫动物园向公众推广，将提高社会对保护和物种管理的理解。理论和实验表明，适应可以迅速到足以阻止或延迟预防：进化拯救的过程。大多数进化拯救的实证研究使用单倍体微生物。然而，最有可能灭绝的物种是较大的二倍体生物。在这些物种中，有害等位基因的常设遗传变异很高，种群往往很小，有利于漂移和近亲繁殖相对于选择。拯救的理论和经验研究往往不能解释生态过程中的随机性或抑制种群增长的过程，如密度依赖，遗传漂变和近亲繁殖，这与适应性进化的影响相反。使用模型生物系统（赤拟谷盗面粉甲虫），研究人员将进行实验，操纵人口的历史，规模，密度，扩散率和扩散源，与非进化控制相比，并将检查健身，灭绝和基因组多样性的后果。这些实验将与新的生态学和进化模型相结合，这将有助于量化实验结果，并使研究推广到其他物种。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Genetic mixing facilitates adaptation to a novel environmental constraint

• DOI: 10.1111/een.13242
• 发表时间: 2023-04-06
• 期刊: ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Durkee, Lily F.;Olazcuaga, Laure;Hufbauer, Ruth A.
• 通讯作者: Hufbauer, Ruth A.