Collaborative Research: The Nature of Fire-Vegetation Relationships in Tropical Savanna-Forest Mosaics

合作研究：热带稀树草原-森林马赛克中火与植被关系的本质

• 批准号: 1931232
• 负责人: Joseph Veldman
• 金额: $ 65.66万
• 依托单位: Texas A&M AgriLife Research
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-02-01 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1931232&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Nature; Fire; Vegetation

Once viewed as destructive, fire in tropical savannas is now seen as critical to the maintenance of species-diverse plant and animal communities. Indeed, scientists now recognize that while it is important to exclude fire from places where it is destructive (tropical forests), it is equally important to promote fire in places where it is beneficial (savannas). Appropriate fire management is key to conserving biodiversity and sustaining the livelihoods of people. However, little is known about how (or if) fire-promotion and fire-protection can be accomplished simultaneously. The overarching goal of this project is to reconcile the need for savanna fires with the need to protect forests from damaging wildfire. Using field and laboratory studies in savannas and forests of Bolivia, this project will establish the scientific basis for how people living in a savanna/forest matrix can use fire in an ecologically beneficial manner. Additionally, this project will provide opportunities for a doctoral student and a postdoctoral scholar to conduct international field research, and for undergraduate students to conduct laboratory analyses in the USA. To foster international educational exchange, a short course in tropical ecology and botanical field methods will be offered to students from the USA and Bolivia. A research symposium and workshop will be organized to further address the challenges of incorporating beneficial fire management into savanna and forest conservation initiatives.This research will provide the first-ever field-based test of alternative stable state theory in a tropical savanna-forest mosaic where fire-vegetation feedbacks can be isolated from the effects of soils and plant photosynthetic type. For most of the past century, in regions where the climate can support closed-canopy forests, ecologists attributed the existence of tropical savannas to edaphic conditions or human-caused deforestation. Such ideas are being replaced by a new paradigm in which savannas and forests are modelled as alternative stable states, maintained by feedbacks between plant communities and fire. This research, to be conducted across savanna-forest boundaries in Bolivia, will use vegetation and soil sampling, field experiments, remote sensing, plant microfossil identification and dating, and functional trait measurements to understand the contemporary, paleoecological, and evolutionary relationships between plant communities and fire. Results are expected to demonstrate that in the absence of external drivers, such as logging, a persistence-colonization trade-off in grasses promotes savanna flammability while constraining savanna expansion into forests.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

热带稀树草原上的火灾曾经被视为破坏性的，现在被视为维持物种多样性植物和动物群落的关键。事实上，科学家们现在认识到，虽然在具有破坏性的地方（热带森林）排除火灾很重要，但在有益的地方（稀树草原）促进火灾也同样重要。适当的火灾管理是保护生物多样性和维持人民生计的关键。然而，很少有人知道如何（或如果）防火促进和防火可以同时完成。该项目的总体目标是协调热带草原火灾的需要和保护森林免受破坏性野火的需要。该项目将利用在玻利维亚的热带草原和森林中进行的实地和实验室研究，为生活在热带草原/森林基质中的人们如何以有利于生态的方式利用火奠定科学基础。此外，该项目将为博士生和博士后学者提供进行国际实地研究的机会，并为本科生提供在美国进行实验室分析的机会。为了促进国际教育交流，将为来自美国和玻利维亚的学生提供热带生态学和植物学实地方法的短期课程。将组织一个研究专题讨论会和讲习班，以进一步解决将有益的火灾管理纳入稀树草原和森林保护倡议的挑战，这项研究将提供有史以来第一次实地测试的替代稳定状态理论在热带稀树草原森林镶嵌的火灾植被反馈可以从土壤和植物光合类型的影响隔离。在过去的世纪的大部分时间里，在气候可以支持郁闭森林的地区，生态学家将热带稀树草原的存在归因于土壤条件或人为的森林砍伐。这种想法正在被一种新的范式所取代，在这种范式中，热带稀树草原和森林被模拟为替代的稳定状态，由植物群落和火灾之间的反馈来维持。这项研究将在玻利维亚的热带草原-森林边界进行，将使用植被和土壤取样、实地实验、遥感、植物微化石鉴定和定年以及功能性状测量，以了解植物群落与火灾之间的当代、古生态和进化关系。结果预计将表明，在没有外部驱动程序，如伐木，在草的持续殖民权衡促进稀树草原易燃性，同时限制稀树草原扩展到forests.This奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

项目成果

Restoration prioritization must be informed by marginalized people

边缘化人群必须告知恢复优先顺序

• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04733-x
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Nature
• 影响因子: 64.8
• 作者: Fleischman, Forrest;Coleman, Eric;Fischer, Harry;Kashwan, Prakash;Pfeifer, Marion;Ramprasad, Vijay;Rodriguez Solorzano, Claudia;Veldman, Joseph W.
• 通讯作者: Veldman, Joseph W.

Season of prescribed fire determines grassland restoration outcomes after fire exclusion and overgrazing

规定的火灾季节决定了防火和过度放牧后的草原恢复结果

• DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3730
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Ecosphere
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Novak, Erin N.;Bertelsen, Michelle;Davis, Dick;Grobert, Devin M.;Lyons, Kelly G.;Martina, Jason P.;McCaw, W. Matt;O'Toole, Matthew;Veldman, Joseph W.
• 通讯作者: Veldman, Joseph W.

Savannas after afforestation: Assessment of herbaceous community responses to wildfire versus native tree planting

• DOI: 10.1111/btp.12827
• 发表时间: 2020-07
• 期刊: Biotropica
• 影响因子: 2.1
• 作者: T. M. Haddad;R. Viani;Mário G. B. Cava;G. Durigan;J. Veldman

Placing Brazil's grasslands and savannas on the map of science and conservation

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ppees.2022.125687
• 发表时间: 2022-06
• 期刊: Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics
• 作者: G. Overbeck;E. Vélez‐Martin;L. Menezes;M. Anand;S. Baeza;M. B. Carlucci;M. Dechoum;G. Durigan;A. Fidelis;Anaclara Guido;M. F. Moro;C. B. Munhoz;M. Reginato;R. Rodrigues;M. F. Rosenfield;A. Sampaio;F. Silva;F. Silveira;Ê. Sosinski;Ingmar R. Staude;V. Temperton;Caroline Turchetto;J. Veldman;P. Viana;D. Zappi;S. Müller

High plant diversity and slow assembly of old-growth grasslands

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922266117
• 发表时间: 2020-08-04
• 期刊: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• 影响因子: 11.1
• 作者: Nerlekar, Ashish N.;Veldman, Joseph W.
• 通讯作者: Veldman, Joseph W.