Collaborative Research: Permafrost Carbon Network: Synthesizing flux observations for benchmarking model projections of permafrost carbon exchange

合作研究：永久冻土碳网络：综合通量观测结果以用于永久冻土碳交换的基准模型预测

• 批准号: 1931332
• 负责人: David Lawrence
• 金额: $ 43.46万
• 依托单位: University Corporation For Atmospheric Res
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1931332&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Permafrost; Carbon; Network

Permafrost is ground that is frozen all year round for two or more years. Permafrost contains carbon from the remnants of plants, microbes, and animals that have accumulated over thousands of years. Present estimates suggest that permafrost currently holds twice as much carbon as the atmosphere, which are released as carbon dioxide and methane gas as the permafrost degrades in response to climate warming. Release of just a fraction of this frozen carbon could have significant impacts on the global carbon cycle that may dramatically increase the rate of future global climate warming and accelerate sea-level rise, extreme weather, droughts, and impacts on agriculture at rates beyond those currently projected by models. Most climate models do not yet fully include the feedback loops that cause northern regions to emit additional carbon dioxide and methane to the atmosphere, so the level of risk to society is uncertain. This proposal supports the Permafrost Carbon Network, formed to link biological carbon cycle research with well-developed networks in the physical sciences focused on the thermal state of permafrost. The Permafrost Carbon Network produces new knowledge by synthesizing a wide range of research results into a more coherent circumpolar view of the role of permafrost carbon in driving future climate change.This proposal supports the activities of the Permafrost Carbon Network to: 1) expand networking opportunities that engage the community and enable new science synthesis ideas to arise through the activities of working groups, 2) synthesize permafrost zone carbon flux data from US and international sites to produce a unified time series of ecosystem-atmosphere carbon exchange that can be updated as new data become available, and 3) benchmark the recently completed Permafrost Carbon Network model inter-comparison experiment using new and past data synthesis and experimental results. This combination of research and networking activities gives scientists and decision makers an annually updated view of changing Arctic carbon emissions to the atmosphere in relation to Earth System Model forecasts, while also helping to prioritize and implement improvements to climate models. The new research activities and expanded networking build upon past Permafrost Carbon Network momentum as a foundation to increase, distill, and communicate our understanding of change in this remote region with its important consequences for society.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

永久冻土是指常年冻结两年或两年以上的土地。永久冻土含有几千年来积累下来的植物、微生物和动物的残余物中的碳。目前的估计表明，目前永冻层的碳含量是大气的两倍，随着永冻层对气候变暖的反应而退化，这些碳以二氧化碳和甲烷气体的形式释放出来。仅释放这些冻结碳的一小部分就可能对全球碳循环产生重大影响，这可能会极大地加快未来全球气候变暖的速度，并加速海平面上升、极端天气、干旱以及对农业的影响，其影响速度超过目前模型预测的速度。大多数气候模型还没有完全包括导致北方地区向大气排放更多二氧化碳和甲烷的反馈循环，因此社会面临的风险水平尚不确定。这项提议支持永久冻土碳网络，该网络的成立是为了将生物碳循环研究与物理科学中以永久冻土热状态为重点的发达网络联系起来。永久冻土碳网络通过将广泛的研究结果综合成对永久冻土碳在驱动未来气候变化中的作用的更一致的环极观点来产生新的知识。这项建议支持永久冻土碳网络的活动：1)扩大网络机会，使社区参与进来，并通过工作组的活动产生新的科学综合想法；2)合成来自美国和国际站点的永久冻土区碳通量数据，以产生一个统一的生态系统-大气碳交换时间序列，可在获得新数据时进行更新；以及3)利用新的和过去的数据综合和实验结果，对最近完成的永久冻土碳网络模型的相互比较实验进行基准测试。这种研究和联网活动的结合使科学家和决策者每年都能更新与地球系统模型预报相关的北极碳排放到大气的变化情况，同时还有助于确定气候模型的优先事项和实施改进。新的研究活动和扩大的网络建立在过去永久冻土碳网络势头的基础上，以增加、提炼和交流我们对这个偏远地区变化及其对社会的重要影响的理解。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。