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The use of distributed ledger technology in climate governance

分布式账本技术在气候治理中的应用

基本信息

批准号：
1932220
负责人：
Angel Hsu
金额：
$ 49.91万
依托单位：
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-08-15 至 2023-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1932220&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
use distributed ledger technology climate

项目摘要

This research project examines the potential for distributed ledger technology (e.g., blockchain) to create a scientific knowledge base and innovative tools that support multi-level climate governance and policy. Cities, states and regions, business, investors and civil society (non-state actors) are increasingly recognized for their ability to catalyze, implement, and innovate climate actions. In some cases, these efforts go beyond or are more ambitious than national governments' commitments. Quantitatively assessing and tracking these efforts, however, is fraught with difficulties, due to heterogeneous data sources and gaps in data coverage. These data challenges inhibit the capacity of non-state actors and national governments to acquire and integrate knowledge -- about effective strategies or potential opportunities to coordinate or complement efforts -- into their policy processes. Blockchains are decentralized and immutable ledgers that have the potential to address accounting and knowledge gaps, including double-counting problems (e.g., most prominently in digital currencies). To date, however, there is a lack of a clear understanding and concrete frameworks for how this technology can be applied to the challenge of establishing accountability and incentives for climate actors. A blockchain or distributed ledger approach could fill a critical gap in the understanding of how non-state climate actions are implemented, what they achieve, and how to build a sustainable system that lowers measurement and reporting burdens to be more inclusive globally. This project will develop a trusted and decentralized data management and accounting scheme for non-state action pledges as a way of enhancing the scientific basis for non-state and subnational climate action and policy. Using an interdisciplinary approach that will leverage insights from academic researchers, industry partners, non-state and subnational climate action practitioners, and policymakers, it will innovate a novel framework and architecture for Blockchain Climate Action Tracking (B-CAT). This framework, developed in both theory and tested in proof-of-concept prototypes, will be used to define if and where blockchain and complementary technologies (e.g., internet-of-things) can improve upon existing efforts tracking climate policy. The project will answer four main questions: 1) Who are the primary actors, verifiers and users that will participate in the B-CAT ecosystem and what requirements might they have for engagement? 2) How can distributed ledger technology (e.g., blockchain) be applied to automate incentive schemes and protocols that can address identified data and knowledge gaps in non-state climate action? 3) What are the potential impacts and challenges in the science of tracking climate action with this new blockchain framework? 4) Where can blockchain tools provide significant value in climate use-cases, and what issues and architectural considerations would need to be addressed for these to be applied effectively and at scale? Identifying explicit limitations and positive implications of the technology will also be an important output of this work.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该研究项目研究了分布式账本技术的潜力（例如，区块链），以创建支持多层次气候治理和政策的科学知识库和创新工具。城市、州和地区、企业、投资者和民间社会（非国家行为体）越来越多地被认可为催化、实施和创新气候行动的能力。在某些情况下，这些努力超出了国家政府的承诺，或比国家政府的承诺更为雄心勃勃。然而，由于数据来源不同和数据覆盖面存在差距，对这些努力进行量化评估和跟踪充满了困难。这些数据挑战限制了非国家行为体和国家政府获取知识并将其纳入政策进程的能力，这些知识涉及有效战略或协调或补充努力的潜在机会。区块链是去中心化和不可变的分类账，有可能解决会计和知识差距，包括重复计算问题（例如，主要是数字货币）。然而，迄今为止，对于如何将这一技术应用于为气候行为者建立问责制和激励措施的挑战，缺乏明确的理解和具体的框架。区块链或分布式账本方法可以填补理解非国家气候行动如何实施，它们实现了什么，以及如何建立一个可持续的系统，降低测量和报告负担，使全球更具包容性的关键空白。该项目将为非国家行动承诺制定一个可信和分散的数据管理和核算计划，以加强非国家和国家以下各级气候行动和政策的科学基础。它将采用跨学科的方法，利用学术研究人员、行业合作伙伴、非国家和地方气候行动实践者以及政策制定者的见解，为区块链气候行动跟踪（B-CAT）创新一个新的框架和架构。这个框架，在理论上开发并在概念验证原型中测试，将用于定义区块链和补充技术（例如，物联网）可以改善现有的跟踪气候政策的努力。该项目将回答四个主要问题：1）谁是参与B-CAT生态系统的主要参与者、验证者和用户，他们对参与有什么要求？2)分布式账本技术（例如，区块链）应用于自动化激励计划和协议，可以解决非国家气候行动中已确定的数据和知识差距？3)使用这个新的区块链框架跟踪气候行动的科学有哪些潜在影响和挑战？4)区块链工具在气候用例中可以在哪里提供重要价值，以及需要解决哪些问题和架构考虑因素才能有效地大规模应用？该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（5）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Blockchain and regenerative finance: charting a path toward regeneration

区块链和再生金融：绘制再生之路

DOI：
10.3389/fbloc.2023.1165133
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
Frontiers in Blockchain
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Schletz, Marco;Constant, Axel;Hsu, Angel;Schillebeeckx, Simon;Beck, Roman;Wainstein, Martin
通讯作者：
Wainstein, Martin

Nested Climate Accounting for Our Atmospheric Commons—Digital Technologies for Trusted Interoperability Across Fragmented Systems