Spectral control of illumination for accelerated physiological adjustment to shift work

从长远来看，夜间工作可能导致严重的健康损害，并可能促进恶性肿瘤的生长。这个过程中的决定性因素是时间中断以及光诱导的褪黑激素合成抑制。因此，该应用程序的重点是维持褪黑激素的合成，而工作的单一夜班或工作时间较长的夜班或永久夜班对褪黑激素生产的连续转变为白天睡眠。与以前的研究相反，这种效果不是通过改变光强度来实现的，而是通过控制光的光谱组成（色温）的变化来实现的。考虑到视觉表现，这些变化将限于白光的光谱组成。在这些前提条件下，将对16名色觉正常的年轻人进行实验，检查7种预先选择的光谱对视觉表现的影响。对褪黑素合成的影响将在每次6小时（20:00至02:00）的实验中进行测试。在此基础上，选择褪黑素高抑制光谱和低抑制光谱（高/低蓝份额）进行进一步实验。将开发一种特殊的控制方法，将两种光谱相互转换。下面的实验将再次由16名色觉正常的健康年轻人完成。为了在单夜班期间维持褪黑激素的合成，最初褪黑激素抑制较低的光线将在夜班结束时转换为褪黑激素抑制较高的光线。在连续两个晚上，通过半小时唾液样本（22:00至06:00）确定褪黑素谱，第一个晚上（30勒克斯）的基本谱，第二个晚上在光照场景和实验倒班工作的影响下的基本谱。较长时间的夜班需要褪黑素连续转变为白天睡眠。对于这种最初具有高褪黑激素抑制的光，将在连续3个夜班期间转换（在4点后的第一个夜班，在接下来的夜班1或2小时后）为低褪黑激素抑制的光。在三个班次之前和之后，将使用24小时阶段评估程序对相移进行量化。褪黑素的特征将通过每小时的唾液样本来确定。在所有夜班期间，唾液褪黑素浓度，视觉和认知表现以及疲劳将每小时确定一次。为了在照明技术和医学之间的界面上完成这项基础研究，该应用程序是由莱布尼茨研究所（Dortmund）和Plasmaforschung und Technologie （Greifswald）的成员完成的。

In the long run night work can contribute to the genesis of serious health impairments and probably promote the growth of malignant tumors. Decisive elements in this process are the chronodisruption along with light-induced suppression of melatonin synthesis. This application focuses therefore on the maintenance of melatonin synthesis while working single night shifts or while working longer night shift periods or permanent night shifts on the successive shift of melatonin production into day sleep. Contrary to former studies this effect will be achieved not by alterations of light intensity but by controlled variations of the spectral composition (colour temperature) of light. In consideration of visual performance these variations will be limited to the spectral composition of white light. Following these preconditions the effects of seven pre-selected light spectra on visual performance will be examined experimentally with 16 young persons with normal colour vision. The effect on melatonin synthesis will be tested in experiments over 6 hours each (20:00 to 02:00). Based on the results two spectra, one with high and one with low melatonin suppression (high/low blue-share) will be selected for further experiments. A special control will be developed that converts both spectra into each other.The following experiments will be again completed with 16 healthy young persons with normal colour vision. To maintain melatonin synthesis during single night shifts light with initially low melatonin suppression will be converted at the end of the night shift into light with high melatonin suppression. In two consecutive nights melatonin profiles will be ascertained with half-hourly saliva samples (22:00 to 06:00), the basic profile in the first night (30 lux), in the second night under the impact of the light scenario and experimental shift work. Longer lasting night shift periods require the successive shift of the melatonin profile into day sleep. For this light with initially high melatonin suppression will be during 3 consecutive night shifts converted (in the first night shift after 4, in the following night shifts 1 or 2 hours later) into light with low melatonin suppression. The phase shift will be quantified with 24hour Phase Assessment Procedures before and after the three work shifts. The melatonin profile will be ascertained with hourly saliva samples. During all night shifts salivary melatonin concentrations, visual and cognitive performance and fatigue will be ascertained hourly.To accomplish this basic research at the interface between lighting technology and medicine this application is made by members of the Leibniz-Institutes für Arbeitsforschung (Dortmund) and Plasmaforschung und Technologie (Greifswald).