TRR 154: Mathematical modelling, simulation and optimization using the example of gas networks

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In recent years, ambitious climate protection initiatives have been presented in Germany. To make the transition to renewable energy sources possible, not only does infrastructure need to be newly built or repurposed, it also requires modernization and efficient operation of the grids. In the transformation to a climate-neutral energy system of the future based on electricity and (green) hydrogen, natural gas will continue to play a significant role for a long time, for (geo)political as well as security and supply reasons. In particular, hydrogen infrastructure will build on existing gas grid capacity. In addition, it is expected that hydrogen will increasingly replace gas as an energy carrier in applications and thus the transitions to climate neutrality will take place smoothly.CRC 154 set out to do just that with the analysis of gas networks, knowing fully well that deep and new mathematical insights in the context of mathematical modeling, simulation, and optimization as well as the links between them are necessary to answer the questions at the core. In doing so, we kept in mind that, in addition to researching the underlying mathematical theories, transferring to, and using these theories in a real-world context requires a corresponding lead time. Thus, outstanding new insights have been gained in the past years and especially in the last period, in which more dynamic aspects, the handling of uncertainties as well as the interrelation to gas trading and especially deregulated energy markets have been considered.The findings achieved in CRC 154 are the result of intensive, cooperative collaboration and research. The structures that CRC 154 set up and established have since become models for other larger research collaborations within and outside the university. They include cooperation in teams, in which scientists reflect the CRC 154’s findings in their discipline and deepen them there, the formation of subareas, in which scientists of different disciplines work on the coupling of the fields, as well as the consideration of demonstrators, each of which addresses problems relevant to practice, which cannot be treated by one mathematical discipline alone and thus require interdisciplinary cooperation.CRC 154 is on an excellent path to achieve and complete its initial goals, such as the development and mathematical analysis of a well-founded hierarchy of models including error analysis or the coupling of integer and continuous models and methods for decision making with inherent incomplete or uncertain information. In the following years, the goal is to raise these methods and models and their couplings to the current challenges of energy transition to a new level of quality using the existing and developed mathematical competencies. The simultaneity of the questions in the energy context paired with the inner-mathematical challenges inspires the fascination to work in this complex of topics and lets expect promising and new deep insights.