ISN2: Mapping, Modeling, and Optimizing the Disruption of Illicit Gold Supply Chains in Peru

ISN2:对秘鲁非法黄金供应链的破坏进行绘图、建模和优化

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    1935630
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 67.38万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2020-01-01 至 2024-12-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

This award will advance human health and well-being, contribute to national security, and advance science through a better understanding of illicit mineral supply chains and ways to disrupt them. Currently in Peru, a large portion of the gold exports are illegal, and other materials central to mining activities are also trafficked, including mercury, explosives, and equipment. However, there are no organized transactional records of illicit activities related to the gold supply chain in Peru, which presents a significant challenge in making decisions to combat them and results in the loss of billions of dollars every year. Furthermore, it is nearly impossible to address the conditions (e.g. child labor and human trafficking) that can be associated with these illicit supply networks and which often extend across international borders. Through an examination of the various networks within and outside of Peru that comprise and facilitate the illicit gold supply chain, this research will advance knowledge of the illicit gold supply chain in Peru and expand the methodological toolbox used to evaluate and understand mineral and other illicit supply chains globally. This project will also train STEM graduate students in interdisciplinary research methodologies and provide them with opportunities to engage in research with societal impacts. This research involves an interdisciplinary team of engineers, social scientists, and attorneys and employs a systems theory approach. Under this approach, the research will include qualitative analyses of legal documents and court cases, as well as ethnographic field work to build a systems dynamics model that captures the structure of the illicit gold supply chain, formalizes the connections among the systems components, and highlights the chains of causal links and feedback loops within the system. This analysis will be used to identify the common pathways of materials (i.e. gold, mercury, explosives) and people (i.e. miners, traders) in the illicit gold supply chain within Peru and across Peru's borders and will provide an indication of the criticalities and vulnerabilities within the system. Using the outputs of these analyses, a mathematical optimization model of the supply chain will be formulated, and a set of decisions will be prescribed to disrupt the illicit activities throughout the supply chain. A sensitivity analysis will be conducted to test the behavior of illicit activities under various disruption scenarios.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
该奖项将促进人类健康和福祉,促进国家安全,并通过更好地了解非法矿产供应链和破坏它们的方法来推动科学发展。目前,在秘鲁,很大一部分黄金出口是非法的,对采矿活动至关重要的其他材料也被贩运,包括汞、炸药和设备。然而,在秘鲁没有与黄金供应链有关的非法活动的有组织交易记录,这对作出打击这些活动的决定构成重大挑战,并导致每年损失数十亿美元。此外,几乎不可能解决可能与这些非法供应网络有关的条件(例如童工和人口贩运),这些网络往往跨越国际边界。通过检查秘鲁境内外构成和促进非法黄金供应链的各种网络,这项研究将增进对秘鲁非法黄金供应链的了解,并扩展用于评估和了解矿产的方法工具箱和其他全球非法供应链。该项目还将培训STEM研究生的跨学科研究方法,并为他们提供参与具有社会影响的研究的机会。这项研究涉及工程师,社会科学家和律师的跨学科团队,并采用系统理论方法。根据这一方法,研究将包括对法律的文件和法庭案件的定性分析,以及人种学实地工作,以建立一个系统动力学模型,该模型捕捉非法黄金供应链的结构,正式确定系统组成部分之间的联系,并突出系统内的因果联系和反馈循环链。这一分析将用于确定材料(即黄金、汞、爆炸物)和人员(即采矿者、贸易商)在秘鲁境内和跨越秘鲁边界的非法黄金供应链中的共同路径,并将表明该系统内的关键性和脆弱性。利用这些分析的结果,将制定供应链的数学优化模型,并制定一套决策,以破坏整个供应链的非法活动。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估,被认为值得支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(9)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Voluntary gold certification programs: A viable mechanism for improving artisanal and small-scale mining in Peru?
自愿黄金认证计划:改善秘鲁手工和小规模采矿的可行机制?
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.05.019
  • 发表时间:
    2022
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    5.1
  • 作者:
    Martinez, Gerardo;Smith, Nicole M.;Veiga, Marcello M.
  • 通讯作者:
    Veiga, Marcello M.
Analysis of Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Peru under Climate Impacts Using System Dynamics Modeling
  • DOI:
    10.3390/su14127390
  • 发表时间:
    2022-06
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.9
  • 作者:
    Fatih Aranoglu;Tulay Flamand;S. Duzgun
  • 通讯作者:
    Fatih Aranoglu;Tulay Flamand;S. Duzgun
“I am formal, what comes next?”: A proposed framework for achieving sustainable artisanal and small-scale mining formalization in Peru
“我是正式的,接下来会发生什么?”:秘鲁实现可持续手工和小规模采矿正规化的拟议框架
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.exis.2023.101227
  • 发表时间:
    2023
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Martinez, Gerardo;Smith, Nicole M.;Malone, Aaron
  • 通讯作者:
    Malone, Aaron
Indicators of illicit activities in gold supply chains: Insights from Peru and Kenya
  • DOI:
    10.35188/unu-wider/2023/376-5
  • 发表时间:
    2023-06
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    N. Smith;Kady Seguin;U. M. Saka;S. Duzgun;D. Soud;J. White
  • 通讯作者:
    N. Smith;Kady Seguin;U. M. Saka;S. Duzgun;D. Soud;J. White
Formalization, certification, and technology: the complex landscape of artisanal and small-scale gold mining interventions in Peru
正规化、认证和技术:秘鲁手工和小规模金矿开采干预措施的复杂景观
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2022
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Martinez, G.
  • 通讯作者:
    Martinez, G.
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Nicole Smith其他文献

Learning While Earning: The New Normal
一边学习一边赚钱:新常态
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2015
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    A. Carnevale;Nicole Smith;M. Melton;E. W. Price
  • 通讯作者:
    E. W. Price
Chiropractic students’ characteristics influencing confidence and competence in modulating spinal manipulation force–time characteristics of specific target forces: a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study
  • DOI:
    10.1186/s12998-025-00577-0
  • 发表时间:
    2025-04-27
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    2.300
  • 作者:
    Casper Nim;Nicole Smith;David Starmer;Simon Wang;Grand Choi;Akram Alayed;Jomana AlShareef;Angela Gnjatic;Keegan Sloan;Kitlyn Wong;Martha Funabashi
  • 通讯作者:
    Martha Funabashi
Rheological Experimentation to Investigate History Dependent Viscoelastic Properties of ex-vivo Ovine Brain Tissue
研究离体绵羊脑组织历史依赖性粘弹性特性的流变实验
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2020
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Rebecca L. Lilley;A. Reynaud;P. Docherty;Nicole Smith;N. Kabaliuk
  • 通讯作者:
    N. Kabaliuk
Genomic and machine learning-based screening of aquaculture-associated introgression into at-risk wild North American Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations.
基于基因组和机器学习的筛选,对与水产养殖相关的高危野生北美大西洋鲑鱼(Salmo salar)种群的渗入进行筛查。
  • DOI:
    10.1111/1755-0998.13811
  • 发表时间:
    2023
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    7.7
  • 作者:
    C. Nugent;Tony Kess;Matthew K. Brachmann;B. Langille;Melissa K. Holborn;Samantha V. Beck;Nicole Smith;S. Duffy;S. Lehnert;B. Wringe;P. Bentzen;I. Bradbury
  • 通讯作者:
    I. Bradbury
An analysis of the impact of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from deforestation and mining in Madre de Dios, Perú
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.exis.2024.101526
  • 发表时间:
    2024-12-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Umut Mete Saka;Klaus Pacheco-Hague;Sebnem Duzgun;Nicole Smith
  • 通讯作者:
    Nicole Smith

Nicole Smith的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Nicole Smith', 18)}}的其他基金

D-ISN: TRACK 1: Understanding and Disrupting Key Convergence Nodes of the Illicit Gold and Mercury Supply Chains in Latin America and Africa
D-ISN:轨道 1:了解和破坏拉丁美洲和非洲非法黄金和汞供应链的关键聚合节点
  • 批准号:
    2039980
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助金额:
    $ 67.38万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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