Collaborative Research: GOALI: Bio-inspired bistable energy harvesting for fish telemetry tags

水生系统是高度相互联系的，这使得鱼类可以穿越很长的距离，在水柱中潜水，对一些物种来说，可以在淡水和咸水环境之间移动。我们迫切需要长期不懈的鱼类监测技术，以帮助了解鱼类行为，选择海上风电场场地，运营水力发电厂，评估海洋水动能系统对环境的影响。到2020年，包括鱼类遥测标签在内的全球遥测总市场价值估计将达到2430亿美元。目前的鱼类遥测标签受到电池寿命有限的限制，而且定期更换电池既昂贵又对鱼类有害。另一个挑战是如何在对鱼的正常生活影响最小的情况下将这些标签贴在鱼身上。在鱼体内植入标签是一个复杂的手术过程，有阻碍鱼寿命的风险，并且机械夹紧鱼鳍可能会对鱼的运动产生负面影响。因此，本课题旨在研究一种通过从周围流体和鱼类机动中收集能量的鱼类遥测标签的自供电策略和仿生附着方法。GOALI项目的目标是设计并验证一种新型的仿生附件，该附件对鱼类的生命和流动性的影响最小，以及一种仿生宽带能量收集器，以实现自供电的鱼类遥测标签。所提出的仿生鱼标签由仿生双稳态能量收集器、仿生吸盘、声学发射器和集成电路板组成，该集成电路板包含传输电路、传感器和能量收集管理电路。特别是，维纳斯捕蝇草背后的原理将被充分理解，以研究所提出的双稳态奔腾压电收割机在鱼机动和流体流动的联合激励下的啪击通过动力学。研究人员将研究䲟鱼与鲨鱼的“共生关系”，并将其用于指导仿生吸吮垫的设计，该吸吮垫采用坚硬的金属基小尖刺（模仿板层状小刺）将收割机附着在鱼身上。具体工作范围包括：(1)附着机构和自动力传感与通信系统的仿生设计；(2)流体-结构-压电相互作用的建模；(3)复杂激励下双稳态压电能量采集器的仿生动力学；(4)机器鱼、活鱼的实验验证和现场演示，以研究采集器的性能以及对鱼类寿命和流动性的影响。这项研究与一项教育和推广计划相结合，包括课程开发、本科研究、K-12学生和教师，以及少数民族和妇女的机会。两所大学和工业界之间的积极合作将指导基础研究，以解决关键的行业需求，并使已开发的知识能够广泛传播和加速实施，并立即对行业产生影响。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Aquatic systems are highly interconnected, which allow fish to traverse long distances, to dive through a water column, and, for some species, to move between fresh and saltwater environments. There is critical and urgent need for long-life unremitting fish monitoring technologies that can help with understanding fish behavior, selecting offshore wind farm sites, operating hydroelectric power plants, and assessing environmental impacts of marine hydrokinetic energy systems. The total market value of global telemetry including fish telemetry tags is estimated to reach $243 billion by 2020. Current fish telemetry tags are constrained by the limited lifetime of batteries, and periodic battery replacements are expensive and harmful to the fish. Another challenge is how to attach these tags to a fish with minimum impact on its normal life. Implanting a tag inside a fish body constitutes a complicated surgery process with the risk of impeding the fish life, and the mechanical clamping to the fin may negatively affect the fish motions. Therefore, this proposal aims at investigating a self-powered strategy and a bio- inspired attachment method for fish telemetry tags through energy harvesting from the surrounding fluid and fish maneuvering.The goals of this GOALI project are to design and validate a novel bio-inspired attachment with a minimal influence on fish life and mobility and a bio-inspired broadband energy harvester to achieve a self-powered fish telemetry tag. The proposed bio-inspired fish tag consists of a bio-inspired bi-stable energy harvester, a bio-inspired sucking disc, an acoustic transmitter, and an integrated circuit board that contains both the transmission circuit, sensors, and the energy-harvesting management circuit. Particularly, the principle behind the Venus flytrap will be fully understood to investigate the snap-through dynamics of the proposed bi-stable galloping piezoelectric harvester subjected to the combined excitations from fish maneuver and fluid flow. The remora-shark "symbiotic relationship" will be studied and used to guide the design of the bio-inspired sucking pad with stiff metal-based teeny spikes (in mimic the lamellar spinules) to attach the harvester on the fish. The specific work scope includes (1) a bio-inspired design of an attachment mechanism and a self-power sensing and communication system, (2) modeling of the fluid-structure-piezoelectric interaction, (3) the bio-inspired dynamics of the bi-stable piezoelectric energy harvester under complex excitations, and (4) experimental validation on robotic fish, live fish, and on-site demonstrations to investigate the performance and the influence of harvester on the fish life and mobility. The research is integrated with an educational and outreach plan, including course development, undergraduate research, K-12 students and teachers, and opportunities for minorities and women. The active collaboration between the two universities and industry will guide fundamental research to solve a critical industry need and enable wide dissemination and accelerated implementation of developed knowledge with immediate industry impacts.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.