eBird Enterprise: Maintaining the Cyberinfrastructure to Support the Collection, Storage, Archive, Analysis, and Access to a Global Biodiversity Data Resource

康奈尔大学获得一笔拨款，用于支持网络基础设施，以维持eBird的持续指数增长，eBird是全球鸟类生物多样性的在线数据资源。eBird于2002年启动，开启了观鸟者实时收集数据的新时代，到2020年，该项目已成为世界上最大的生物多样性相关公民科学项目。超过50万名贡献者提交了全球超过1万种鸟类的近7.5亿份鸟类观测报告。这些数据提供了全面的、高分辨率的信息，可以了解鸟类种群全年的空间和时间分布情况。建模eBird数据生成了北美鸟类的状态和趋势结果，为了解一个物种的完整年周期提供了一个无与伦比的窗口，为基础生物学研究和保护应用提供了有价值的种群水平分布数据来源。所有的eBird数据都是公开的，已经被学生、教育工作者、政府工作人员和研究人员下载了超过13万次，产生了300多篇同行评审的科学论文。正如它的开始一样，eBird仍然是一个重要的观鸟工具，每年有超过800万人从每个国家访问eBird，通过交互式探索、可视化和分析工具来探索eBird数据。基础生态学和应用生态学的许多研究都是建立在对物种分布和丰度的描述之上的。长期、组织良好、覆盖广泛空间尺度的数据对于记录变化、对其原因提出假设以及最终理解这些变化与整体生态系统健康和功能的关系是必要的。虽然收集单一物种发生的数据是一个很容易理解的过程，但这些数据的协调收集、管理、访问和存储不是一项简单的任务。结构合理、公开可用并保持长期一致的网络基础设施中的物种发生以及其他大规模环境数据集已成为研究生物多样性的必要条件。eBird的数据管理基础设施的目标是提供：(1)一个单一的、持续收集和整理的数据源，它是公开可用和广泛使用的；(2)代表了全球所有鸟类分布的所有可用数据的很大一部分；(3)以一套增值产品的形式提供这些数据，降低使用这些数据所需的数据管理门槛。有关eBird的更多信息，请访问其网站http://ebird.org.This。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，认为值得支持。

Cornell University is awarded a grant to support the cyberinfrastructure to sustain the continued exponential growth of eBird, an online data resource for global bird biodiversity. With its launch in 2002, eBird opened a new era of real-time data gathering by birders, and by 2020, the project has become the world’s largest biodiversity-related citizen science project. More than 500,000 contributors have submitted almost 750 million bird observations of more than 10,000 bird species globally. These data provide comprehensive, high-resolution information about the spatial and temporal distribution of bird populations across a species full range, throughout the year. Modeling eBird data has generated North American bird status and trends results that provide an unparalleled window into a species’ full annual cycle providing a valuable source of population-level distributional data for basic biological research and conservation applications. All eBird data is openly available and has been downloaded more than 130,000 times by students, educators, government staff, and researchers, resulting in more than 300 peer-reviewed scientific papers. True to its beginnings, eBird is still grounded in serving as an essential tool for birding and more than 8 million people access eBird every year from every country to explore eBird data through interactive exploration, visualization and analysis tools.Much of the research in basic and applied ecology is founded in descriptions of distribution and abundance of species. Long-term, well-organized data covering broad spatial scales are necessary for documenting change, generating hypotheses for their causes, and ultimately understanding how these changes relate to overall ecosystem health and function. While collecting a single-species occurrence datum is a well-understood process, the coordinated collection, curation, access, and storage of these data is no small task. Appropriately structured, openly available, and maintained in a consistent long-term cyberinfrastructure species occurrence, as well as other large-scale environmental datasets have become essential for studying biodiversity. The goal of eBird’s data management infrastructure is to provide a: (1) a single, consistently gathered and curated data source that is openly available and widely in use, (2) represents a substantial proportion of all available data on distribution of all bird species globally, and (3) provides these data in a suite of value-added products that lower the threshold of data management needed to use these data. For more information about eBird, visit its website at http://ebird.org.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.