The Incoherent Scatter Radar Summer School

非相干散射雷达（ISR）暑期学校通过培训能够收集和使用ISR数据的劳动力来造福社会，目前很少有高等教育机构教授这项技能，如果有的话。这种对新用户群体的培训增加了NSF在ISR设施上的投资的研究产出，并有助于对地球大气层空间天气的基本理解。这所学校还为学生提供雷达理论背景，学习控制和操作大型雷达，并了解分析雷达数据所需的数据处理。所有这些都可以直接转移到其他雷达应用中，如卫星跟踪、气象雷达和卫星通信。在学校，设施pi指导学生并建立延伸到学校以外的专业关系。两名核心讲师是女性，为学生提供了重要的榜样。学校经常与EISCAT ISR暑期学校结合，促进国际关系和交流。认识到非相干散射是一种非常强大的技术，可以精确测量从100公里以下到600公里以上的多个高层大气参数，美国国家科学基金会已经在几个ISR设施上投入了大量资金。然而，由于劳动力老龄化和美国教育课程从ISR理论和工程转向，下一代训练有素的工程师现在正在ISR投资持续的欧洲和亚洲培养。该项目通过举办每年一次的ISR暑期学校，结合讲座和小组工作，解决了培训美国ISR用户和工人的需求。这所学校的目的是教学生如何提出和进行ISR实验，以及如何分析和报告结果。正如前十年暑期学校的学生所证明的那样，这些学生通常会将ISR数据纳入未来的研究中，从而提高对高层大气的整体认识。一些学生将更深入地研究这个话题，并将成为该领域未来的研究人员和领导者。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) Summer School benefits society by training a workforce that will be able to collect and use ISR data, a skill currently taught at few, if any, institutions of high education. This training of a new user community increases the research output from NSF's investment in ISR facilities and contributes to the fundamental understanding of space weather in Earth’s atmosphere. this school also provides students with a background in radar theory, in learning to control and operate large radars, and an understanding of the data processing required to analyze radar data. All of this is directly transferable to other radar applications such as satellite tracking, weather radar, and satellite communications. In the school, facility PIs mentor students and establish professional relationships that extend beyond the school. Two of the core lecturing staff are female which provides important role models for students. The school often combines with the EISCAT ISR Summer School, fostering international relationships and communications. Recognizing that incoherent scatter is a very powerful technique to make precise measurements of multiple upper atmospheric parameters extending from below 100 km to above 600 km, the NSF has heavily invested in several ISR facilities. However, due to an aging workforce and a shift in the U.S. educational curriculum away from ISR theory and engineering, the next generation of trained engineers is now being produced in Europe and Asia where ISR investments continue. This project addresses the need for training ISR users and workers in the US by conducting a yearly ISR summer school with a combination of lectures and group work. The purpose of this school is to teach students how to propose and conduct an ISR experiment, and how to analyze and report the results. As has been evidenced by students from the prior decade of summer schools, these students will often incorporate ISR data into future research and thus advance overall knowledge of the upper atmosphere. Some students will delve much deeper into the topic and will become the future researchers and leaders of the field.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.