European Incoherent Scatter Radar Facility (EISCAT) - UK Support

欧洲非相干散射雷达设施 (EISCAT) - 英国支持

• 批准号: NE/R01700X/1
• 负责人: Stephen Mobbs
• 金额: $ 99.39万
• 依托单位: University of Leeds
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FR01700X%2F1
• 关键词: European; Incoherent; Scatter; Radar; Facility

This proposal is seeking funding for a small group of four people, all of whom also work on other projects, who spend part of their time working with researchers using a powerful radar system in northern Scandinavia, called EISCAT, which undertakes research on the upper atmosphere and space weather. Our aim is to help UK researchers to get the maximum benefit from the financial investment that NERC makes to keep the EISCAT facilities operating, by helping to ensure that UK scientists can use the facilities effectively. In return for the money which NERC invests, UK scientists get access to about 200 hours of measurement time per year, which they can use to run their own experiments, to investigate particular properties of the polar upper atmosphere and the physics of space weather processes. These user-specific experiments are known as Special Programmes. In addition, UK EISCAT users also get access to a larger pool of more generic observations, called Common Programmes, which are carried out on behalf of the whole international community, and are made available to all EISCAT scientists. The study of space weather, the effect of the space environment on the Earth, has been part of NERC's remit since 2010. EISCAT is the most significant space weather research facility in which NERC invests and it acts as a focus for UK researchers in this area. It also forms part of a worldwide network of similar radars which study how our atmosphere is changing on short and long timescales, in response to changes originating in the Sun and solar wind. As well as studying the outermost part of the Earth's atmosphere, EISCAT can also carry out other kinds of research on phenomena such as meteors, satellites, space debris, planetary bodies and even do research into low-frequency radio astronomy.Although the EISCAT radars have a great deal of capability and flexibility, they can also be very complicated to use and their data can be hard to interpret. Particular procedures have to be followed for scheduling and operations and some training is needed to understand how the radar operates. The data sets produced by the radar are also often very large and special software is required to analyse them and turn them into estimates of parameters in the upper atmosphere. The members of the EISCAT support group have worked with these radars for many years and are sufficiently familiar with them that they can help scientific users who might not have the same level of knowledge, making NERC's investment in the support team cost effective. We also provide limited funding for UK scientists travelling to EISCAT to conduct experiments, and we lecture on training courses and take part in PR and media events to tell people about the EISCAT radar systems and what they can do.For the last decade, we have been heavily involved in helping to plan a new kind of radar system, which will eventually replace EISCAT's current generation of radars. This facility is called EISCAT_3D, and it is based on a design principle called the "phased array", using arrays of antennas, rather than steerable dishes. The use of phased antenna arrays, coupled with recent advances in modular transmitters, receiver systems and high-performance computing, now make it possible to design a much more powerful, efficient and flexible type of radar. Thanks partly to NERC's investment of £6M, this new radar project has just entered its construction phase. The UK support group needs to remain closely involved in this project to ensure that the design of the new radar system takes account of the requirements of our scientists, ideally also making sure that UK companies can also benefit from some of the opportunities offered by this new project.

这个提案是为一个四人小组寻求资金，他们都在从事其他项目，他们花部分时间与研究人员一起使用斯堪的纳维亚北部的一个强大的雷达系统，称为EISCAT，该系统负责研究高层大气和空间天气。我们的目标是通过帮助确保英国科学家能够有效地使用这些设施，帮助英国研究人员从NERC为保持EISCAT设施运行而进行的财政投资中获得最大的收益。作为NERC投资的回报，英国科学家每年可以获得大约200小时的测量时间，他们可以用这些时间来进行自己的实验，研究极地高层大气的特定特性和空间天气过程的物理特性。这些针对用户的实验被称为特别规划。此外，英国的EISCAT用户还可以访问一个更大的更一般的观测库，称为共同计划，这是代表整个国际社会进行的，并向所有EISCAT科学家开放。自2010年以来，研究空间天气，即空间环境对地球的影响，一直是NERC职权范围的一部分。EISCAT是NERC投资的最重要的空间天气研究设施，它是英国研究人员在这一领域的重点。它也是全球类似雷达网络的一部分，该网络研究我们的大气如何在短期和长期时间尺度上变化，以响应源自太阳和太阳风的变化。除了研究地球大气层的最外层外，EISCAT还可以对流星、卫星、空间碎片、行星体等现象进行其他类型的研究，甚至可以对低频射电天文学进行研究。虽然EISCAT雷达有很大的能力和灵活性，但它们使用起来也很复杂，而且它们的数据很难解释。必须按照特定的程序进行调度和操作，并且需要进行一些培训以了解雷达的操作方式。雷达产生的数据集通常也非常大，需要特殊的软件对其进行分析，并将其转化为对高层大气参数的估计。EISCAT支持小组的成员已经使用这些雷达多年，并且对它们非常熟悉，他们可以帮助那些可能没有相同知识水平的科学用户，使NERC对支持小组的投资具有成本效益。我们还为前往EISCAT进行实验的英国科学家提供有限的资金，我们在培训课程上授课，并参加公关和媒体活动，向人们介绍EISCAT雷达系统及其可以做些什么。在过去十年中，我们一直积极参与帮助规划一种新型雷达系统，该系统最终将取代EISCAT目前的一代雷达。这个设备被称为EISCAT_3D，它基于一种被称为“相控阵”的设计原则，使用天线阵列，而不是可操纵的天线。相控阵天线的使用，再加上模块化发射器、接收器系统和高性能计算的最新进展，现在可以设计出更强大、更高效、更灵活的雷达。部分得益于NERC的600万英镑投资，这个新的雷达项目刚刚进入建设阶段。英国支持小组需要继续密切参与这个项目，以确保新雷达系统的设计考虑到我们科学家的要求，理想情况下也要确保英国公司也能从这个新项目提供的一些机会中受益。

项目成果

Characterization of Artificial, Small-Scale, Ionospheric Irregularities in the High-Latitude F Region Induced by High-Power, High-Frequency Radio Waves of Extraordinary Polarization

高纬度 F 区由高功率、高频异常极化无线电波引起的人为小规模电离层不规则性的表征

• DOI: 10.1134/s0016793219060045
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Geomagnetism and Aeronomy
• 影响因子: 0.6
• 作者: Blagoveshchenskaya N

Excitation of Plasma Irregularities in the F Region of the Ionosphere by Powerful HF Radio Waves of X-Polarization

X 偏振的强大高频无线电波对电离层 F 区等离子体不规则性的激发

• DOI: 10.1029/2018ja025530
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Space Physics
• 作者: Borisov N

Review of Environmental Monitoring by Means of Radio Waves in the Polar Regions: From Atmosphere to Geospace

• DOI: 10.1007/s10712-022-09734-z
• 发表时间: 2022-09
• 期刊: Surveys in Geophysics
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: L. Alfonsi;N. Bergeot;P. Cilliers;G. De Franceschi;L. Baddeley;E. Correia;D. Di Mauro;Carl-Fredrik Enell;M. Engebretson;R. Ghoddousi-Fard;I. Häggström;Young-bae Ham;G. Heygster;G. Jee;A. Kero;M. Kosch;H. Kwon;Changsup Lee;S. Lotz;Liliana Macotela;M. F. Marcucci;W. Miloch;Y. Morton;T. Naoi;M. Negusini;N. Partamies;B. Petkov;E. Pottiaux;P. Prikryl;P. R. Shreedevi;R. Slapak;L. Spogli;J. Stephenson;Arantxa M. Triana-Gómez;O. Troshichev;R. van Malderen;J. Weygand;S. Zou

Comparison of the effects induced by the ordinary (O-mode) and extraordinary (X-mode) polarized powerful HF radio waves in the high-latitude ionospheric F region

• DOI: 10.1134/s0010952518010045
• 发表时间: 2018-01
• 期刊: Cosmic Research
• 影响因子: 0.6
• 作者: N. Blagoveshchenskaya;T. Borisova;A. Kalishin;V. N. Kayatkin-;T. Yeoman;I. Häggström

A Study of Observations of Ionospheric Upwelling Made by the EISCAT Svalbard Radar During the International Polar Year Campaign of 2007

• DOI: 10.1002/2017ja024802
• 发表时间: 2018-03
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
• 作者: T. W. David;D. Wright;S. Milan;S. Cowley;J. Davies;I. McCrea