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NSFDEB-BSF: Breaking Barriers to the Study of Traits that Affect Speciation and Extinction

NSFDEB-BSF：打破影响物种形成和灭绝的性状研究的障碍

基本信息

批准号：
1940868
负责人：
Emma Goldberg
金额：
$ 33.96万
依托单位：
New Mexico Consortium
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-07-01 至 2022-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1940868&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
NSFDEB BSF Breaking Barriers Study

项目摘要

As new species arise and older species become extinct, life on Earth is shaped and re-shaped over many millions of years. Biologists seek to understand how particular traits of organisms---the size of an animal or the flower color of a plant, for example---affect the chances of giving rise to a new species or suffering extinction. This project develops computational tools to help identify traits that consistently affect speciation and extinction. It further applies the tools to understand the history of particular plant groups, including ones with agriculturally and economically valuable species. Undergraduate science opportunities and mentoring specifically target veterans of the armed services. A workshop and individual advising will equip young researchers with technical skills that are valuable for a variety of future careers. The international collaboration between American and Israeli labs will train students and postdoctoral researchers and hold workshops to build communities of young scientists working with phylogenetic comparative methods.Inferring trait-dependent lineage diversification from phylogenetic trees is difficult. There is currently a need for methods that are both powerful and reliable, and for tools to distinguish when methods perform well or poorly. In this project, two novel modeling techniques target weaknesses recently revealed in current methods. The first incorporates sequence evolution into models of trait evolution, to allow shifts in diversification rate to be explained by processes at both those levels. The second focuses on connections between diversification and trait shifts, rather than their values, to avoid the statistical problem of pseudoreplication. Two computational tools provided by this project improve the usage of existing and future methods. One is a community-driven database of benchmark tests to compare how methods perform across diverse scenarios. The other is a means of assessing model adequacy, to guide confidence in empirical conclusions and directions for future model development. Finally, this project investigates the macroevolutionary dynamics of two traits that have major effects on plant phenotypes and genotypes: breeding system and whole genome duplication. Methodological advances and expanded datasets provide the potential to make the strongest cases yet for the importance of species selection in shaping biodiversity.

随着新物种的出现和老物种的灭绝，地球上的生命在数百万年的时间里不断地被塑造和重新塑造。生物学家试图了解生物体的特殊特征-例如动物的大小或植物的花色-如何影响产生新物种或遭受灭绝的机会。该项目开发计算工具，以帮助识别持续影响物种形成和灭绝的特征。它进一步应用这些工具来了解特定植物群的历史，包括那些具有农业和经济价值的物种。本科科学机会和指导专门针对退伍军人。研讨会和个人咨询将使年轻的研究人员掌握对未来各种职业有价值的技术技能。美国和以色列实验室之间的国际合作将培训学生和博士后研究人员，并举办研讨会，以建立从事系统发育比较方法的年轻科学家社区。目前需要既强大又可靠的方法，以及区分方法何时表现良好或较差的工具。在这个项目中，两个新的建模技术的弱点，最近发现在当前的方法。第一种方法将序列进化纳入性状进化模型，以使多样化率的变化在这两个层面上都能被解释。第二个重点是多样化和性状转变之间的联系，而不是它们的价值，以避免伪复制的统计问题。该项目提供的两种计算工具改进了现有和未来方法的使用。一个是社区驱动的基准测试数据库，用于比较方法在不同场景中的表现。另一种是评估模型充分性的手段，以引导对经验结论的信心和未来模型发展的方向。最后，本项目研究了对植物表型和基因型有重要影响的两个性状的宏观进化动态：育种系统和全基因组复制。方法上的进步和扩大的数据集有可能为物种选择在塑造生物多样性方面的重要性提供最有力的证据。