CAREER: Exact Actuation of Magnetic Field Forces Across All DOF in Electric Motors

摘要：非技术描述：电动机负责运输世界上的淡水供应，为家庭和办公室供暖和制冷，驱动关键的医疗和外科设备，并且越来越多地操作运输系统。这项技术的效率对于实现能源可持续性和减少人类的碳足迹至关重要。传统的电动机依靠轴承来支撑轴。不幸的是，这些轴承具有关键的寿命，可靠性和效率缺点，限制了运输系统的电气化，可再生能源发电技术的利用以及流体处理基础设施的效率。这个项目将研究一种不使用轴承的新型电机。新的无轴承电机将利用电流产生可控制的磁力，作为一组轴承。新的电机将以完全不同的方式外观和行为，将实现新的，极其高效和超可靠的系统。该项目的目标是通过在压缩机系统、电气化运输、可再生能源发电和能源储存方面采用新概念，使美国的电力消耗减少9%。为了将这些研究成果转化为现实世界，该项目结合了技术社区和公众的参与。除了研究成果，该团队的外展活动将促进多样化STEM劳动力的发展，以保持美国在机电电源转换领域的领导地位。该团队将开发电机和悬浮技术的互动公共展览，并举办STEM丰富的体验，旨在提高来自农村和经济落后地区的初高中女性和青年对STEM的兴趣和参与机会。技术描述：这项研究的目的是克服传统电机轴承和磁性轴承的基本挑战。虽然目前的电动马达只利用和控制一个自由度（旋转），但该项目将开发新一代的电动马达，在所有六个自由度中精确驱动。这些新电机将利用已经存在于电机内部的磁场力来创造一个完全无轴承的电机，使其自身的轴悬浮起来。建模、控制和设计技术的发展将统一电机和磁悬浮科学。该项目将使用分析和数值建模方法来创建一个框架，模拟转子表面的法向和切向磁应力。该框架将用于确定所需的定子电流，以便在电机轴上产生精确的力和扭矩矢量。该项目将研究这些新电机的最佳设计，并测试原型，以验证这一新科学。该团队将为高速电机系统（工业压缩机和电网飞轮储能）和低速电机系统（大直径，用于飞行电气化的轮辋驱动电机）开发无轴承电机科学。研究成果将通过学术研究（演讲和论文）的标准渠道传播，并通过构建便携式无轴承电机原型，该原型将在公开演示、会议和访问研究机构中展出。该团队还将开发开源的交互式实验室电子套件，以演示磁悬浮和机电动力转换的原理，这些将被推广，使青年能够开发县博览会展品，终身学习者探索机电原理，教师能够根据他们的课程调整材料。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Title: CAREER: Exact Actuation of Magnetic Field Forces Across All Degrees of Freedom in Electric Motors Abstract:Non-technical description: Electric motors are responsible for transporting the world's supply of fresh water, heating and cooling homes and offices, driving critical medical and surgical equipment, and, increasingly, operating transportation systems. The efficiency of this technology is vital in enabling energy sustainability and reducing humanity's carbon footprint. Conventional electric motors rely on bearings to support their shafts. Unfortunately, these bearings have critical lifetime, reliability, and efficiency shortcomings that limit the electrification of transportation systems, the utilization of renewable generation technologies, and the efficiency of fluid handling infrastructure. This project will investigate a new type of motor that does not use bearings. The new bearingless motors will utilize electric current to create controllable magnetic forces that function as set of bearings. The new motors will look and behave in fundamentally different ways that will enable new, extremely efficient, and ultra-reliable systems. This project targets a 9% reduction in US electric energy consumption by enabling new concepts in compressor systems, electrified transportation, renewable energy generation, and energy storage. To translate these research outcomes into the real world, the project incorporates engagement of both the technical community and general public. Beyond the research outcomes, the team's outreach activities will facilitate development of the diverse STEM workforce needed to maintain US leadership in electromechanical power conversion. The team will develop interactive public exhibits of motor and levitation technology and host STEM-enriched experiences aimed at increasing interest and participation in STEM opportunities for middle and high school females and youth from rural, economically disadvantaged regions.Technical Description: The objective of this research is to overcome fundamental challenges of both conventional motor bearings and magnetic bearings. While today's electric motors utilize and control only one degree of freedom (rotation) this project will develop a new generation of electric motors that are precisely actuated in all six degrees of freedom. These new motors will utilize magnetic field forces that are already present within the motor to create a completely bearingless motor that levitates its own shaft. Modelling, control, and design techniques will be developed to unify the science of electric motors and magnetic levitation. The project will use analytic and numeric modeling approaches to create a framework that models the normal and tangential magnetic stresses on the rotor's surface. This framework will be used to determine the required stator currents needed to produce exact force and torque vectors on the motor's shaft. The project will research optimal design of these new motors and test prototypes to validate this new science. The team will develop the science of bearingless motors for both high speed motor systems (industrial compressors and power grid flywheel energy storage) and low speed motor systems (large diameter, rim-driven motors for flight electrification). The outcomes of the research will be disseminated through the standard channels of academic research (presentations and papers) as well as through the construction of a portable bearingless motor prototype that will be exhibited in public demonstrations, conferences, and visits to research institutes. The team will also develop open source, interactive laboratory electronics kits to demonstrate the principles of magnetic levitation and electromechanical power conversion that will be promoted to allow youth to develop county fair exhibits, lifelong learners to explore electromechanical principles, and teachers to adapt the material for their curriculum.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.