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CAREER: Biological Production of Carbonates for Sustainable Cementitious Materials

职业：可持续胶凝材料碳酸盐的生物生产

基本信息

批准号：
1943554
负责人：
Wil Srubar III
金额：
$ 50万
依托单位：
University of Colorado at Boulder
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-08-01 至 2025-07-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1943554&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CAREER Biological Production Carbonates Sustainable

项目摘要

This Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) grant will leverage biological processes to create functional carbon-storing minerals for use in cement and concrete. Concrete is the second-most consumed material on earth after water. Its production, use, and disposal therefore have global environmental consequences. The production of cement alone accounts for 2.2 billion tons—or 6%—of global carbon dioxide emissions. Given that global demand for mineral aggregates for concrete materials exceeds 50 billion tons per year, a grand opportunity exists to leverage biological processes to produce carbon-storing minerals for use in cement paste, mortar, and concrete. This research project will exploit biological mechanisms of microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation to produce carbon-storing nano- and microscale minerals and will study their effect on properties of concrete. The research will be complemented by education and mentoring activities designed to educate the public on the benefits of low-carbon construction, while cultivating a new, inclusive, and diverse generation of interdisciplinary materials scientists and civil engineers.The specific research goal of this project is to use genetically engineered bacteria and other photosynthetic microorganisms to produce biologically precipitated calcium carbonate nanoparticles with distinct morphological architectures. Morphologies and nanomechanical properties of carbonates produced by engineered bacteria strains will be compared to those produced by native carbonate-producing strains. The carbon storage potential of carbonates produced by each strain will be quantified and compared using process-based life cycle assessment. Finally, structure-property relationships of biogenic carbonate nanoparticle additions on both fresh- and hardened-state properties of cement paste will be investigated to inform engineering specifications for biomineral use in cement paste, mortar, and concrete. The education goals of this project are (1) to mentor a new, diverse generation of materials scientists in a Living Materials Laboratory experience that will foster the creation of a new discipline at the intersection of synthetic biology and civil engineering; (2) to disseminate benefits of biological building materials by hosting a Carbon-Smart Building Materials Summit; and (3) to create graduate school pathways for lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender engineering students by engaging and mentoring them in interdisciplinary materials science research. This project will lay the scientific foundation for the PI to achieve his long-term career goals of transforming the built environment from a carbon emitter into a carbon sink, while broadening the diversity, inclusion, education, and training of next-generation materials scientists and civil engineers.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项学院早期职业发展(Career)赠款将利用生物过程创造用于水泥和混凝土的功能性碳储存矿物。混凝土是地球上仅次于水的第二大消耗材料。因此，它的生产、使用和处置会对全球环境产生影响。仅水泥产量就占全球二氧化碳排放量的6%，即22亿吨。鉴于全球每年对混凝土材料用矿物集料的需求超过500亿吨，利用生物工艺生产用于水泥浆体、砂浆和混凝土的储存碳的矿物是一个重大机遇。本研究项目将利用微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀的生物学机制来产生纳米和微米级储碳矿物，并研究它们对混凝土性能的影响。这项研究将得到教育和指导活动的补充，旨在教育公众了解低碳建筑的好处，同时培养新一代、包容和多样化的跨学科材料科学家和土木工程师。该项目的具体研究目标是利用基因工程细菌和其他光合作用微生物生产具有不同形态结构的生物沉淀碳酸钙纳米颗粒。工程菌菌株生产的碳酸盐的形态和纳米机械性能将与天然碳酸盐生产菌株生产的碳酸盐进行比较。每个菌株产生的碳酸盐的碳储存潜力将被量化，并使用基于过程的生命周期评估进行比较。最后，将研究生物碳酸盐纳米颗粒外加剂对水泥浆体新鲜状态和硬化状态性能的结构-性能关系，以提供在水泥浆体、砂浆和混凝土中使用生物矿物的工程规范。该项目的教育目标是(1)在生活材料实验室中指导新一代多样化的材料科学家，这将促进合成生物学和土木工程交叉学科的创建；(2)通过主办碳智能建筑材料峰会来传播生物建筑材料的好处；以及(3)通过参与和指导女同性恋者、男同性恋者、双性恋者或变性人工程学学生在跨学科材料科学研究方面的参与和指导，为他们创造研究生院道路。该项目将为PI实现其长期职业目标奠定科学基础，该目标是将建筑环境从碳排放者转变为碳汇，同时扩大下一代材料科学家和土木工程师的多样性、包容性、教育和培训。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。