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Integrated biological approaches for high-grade biomethane vehicle fuel production from food waste

利用食物垃圾生产高级生物甲烷汽车燃料的综合生物方法

基本信息

批准号：
BB/W010712/1
负责人：
Cynthia Okoro-Shekwaga
金额：
$ 51.78万
依托单位：
University of Leeds
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2022 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FW010712%2F1
关键词：
Integrated biological approaches grade biomethane

项目摘要

The world is currently in a state of climate change crisis, due to the release of gases that harm the environment, known as greenhouse gases (GHG), primarily carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). To address the climate crisis at the national level, the UK government has set a target called Net Zero, to eliminate all GHG emissions arising from UK-based production and consumption processes by the year 2050. Achieving Net Zero will require extended research into ready-to-use clean energy processes, such as anaerobic digestion (AD), especially within the transport sector; which is presently the largest single-source contributor to GHG emissions in the UK. AD involves the breakdown of organic materials in the absence of oxygen to produce gas (biogas) composed of 50-70% CH4 and 30-50% CO2 that is commonly used for electricity generation. However, only the CH4 fraction of biogas produces energy, hence, biogas can be upgraded to contain over 95% methane (biomethane), which will further reduce the GHG footprint from biogas use and also make it a suitable replacement for conventional transport fuel such as petrol and diesel. But, the common methods used to upgrade biogas to biomethane are often associated with high energy demand, additional waste generation and the potential release of the trapped CO2, which reduces the overall energy yield and GHG reduction potential of biomethane.A novel alternative is to enhance a key reaction that occurs during AD, i.e - hydrogen (H2)/CO2 conversion to CH4 by the addition of H2 to the AD process, known as biomethanation. In-vessel biomethanation (in-situ biomethanation) for the production of high-grade CH4 is relatively underdeveloped for FW AD. From previous research, I developed evidence that in-situ biomethanation can be integrated into FW AD with the potential of generating up to 65% and 59% increases in energy returns on investment (EROI) and carbon savings respectively, compared to the common biogas upgrade methods. However, a major drawback with the integration of this technology is the source of H2. Water electrolysis using excess energy from other renewable sources such as wind and solar has been proposed as an ideal H2 source. Because of the distance between respective renewable energy installations, the transportation of surplus energy from the source of production to the AD plant is still a challenge. Presently, only 2 FW AD plants upgrade biogas to biomethane (by common methods) in the UK. With the BBSRC Discovery Fellowship, I can fully exploit the potentials of FW AD to produce high-grade biomethane as a replacement for vehicle fuels. The overall aim of this project is to recover high-grade biomethane from the AD of FW using integrated biological approaches that will achieve higher GHG savings, energy and economic returns on investment, and zero-waste production. The novelty of the proposed research includes the use of fungi to break down the difficult-to-digest fraction of FW to glucose, which will allow an enhanced production of H2 and the use of the H2 to support biogas upgrade to high-grade biomethane, thus, avoiding dependence on the common biogas upgrade methods or external H2 sources. The proposed research will also include a critical assessment of the water demand and use efficiency for FW AD plants in the UK. This project will include experimental, analytical and process modelling approaches to establish the potential for the commercial exploitation of the academic innovation developed at the University of Leeds by the industrial partner, Olleco.This research meets the BBSRC remit requirement within the bioenergy strategic area, which focuses on using biological methods to generate new replacement fuels for a greener, sustainable future. It also aligns with a core component of the bio-economy, which involves the deployment of bioenergy within the UK with the potential to lead to job creation, economic growth, and enhance energy security.

世界目前正处于气候变化危机的状态，这是由于释放了对环境有害的气体，称为温室气体（GHG），主要是二氧化碳（CO2）和甲烷（CH 4）。为了在国家层面应对气候危机，英国政府制定了一个名为“净零”的目标，即到2050年消除英国生产和消费过程中产生的所有温室气体排放。实现净零排放将需要对即用型清洁能源工艺进行深入研究，如厌氧消化（AD），特别是在运输部门;这是目前英国温室气体排放的最大单一来源。AD涉及在没有氧气的情况下分解有机材料以产生通常用于发电的由50- 70%CH4和30- 50%CO2组成的气体（沼气）。然而，只有沼气的甲烷部分产生能量，因此，沼气可以升级为含有95%以上的甲烷（生物甲烷），这将进一步减少沼气使用的温室气体足迹，并使其成为汽油和柴油等传统运输燃料的合适替代品。但是，用于将生物气升级为生物甲烷的常用方法通常与高能量需求、额外的废物产生和捕集的CO2的潜在释放相关联，这降低了生物甲烷的总体能量产量和GHG减少潜力。一种新颖的替代方案是通过向AD过程中添加H2来增强AD期间发生的关键反应，即-氢气（H2）/CO2转化为CH 4，称为生物甲烷化。用于生产高品位甲烷的容器内生物甲烷化（原位生物甲烷化）对于FW AD来说相对不发达。从以前的研究中，我开发的证据表明，原位生物甲烷化可以集成到FW AD中，与普通的沼气升级方法相比，能源投资回报率（EROI）和碳节约分别增加了65%和59%。然而，该技术的集成的主要缺点是H2的来源。已经提出使用来自其他可再生资源（例如风能和太阳能）的过剩能量进行水电解作为理想的H2源。由于各个可再生能源设施之间的距离，将剩余能源从生产源运输到AD工厂仍然是一个挑战。目前，在英国只有2个FW AD工厂将沼气升级为生物甲烷（通过常用方法）。有了BBSRC发现奖学金，我可以充分利用FW AD的潜力，生产高品位的生物甲烷作为汽车燃料的替代品。该项目的总体目标是使用综合生物方法从FW的AD中回收高品位生物甲烷，这将实现更高的温室气体节约，能源和投资经济回报以及零废物生产。拟议研究的新奇包括使用真菌将难以消化的FW部分分解为葡萄糖，这将允许提高H2的产量，并使用H2支持沼气升级为高级生物甲烷，从而避免依赖于常见的沼气升级方法或外部H2来源。拟议的研究还将包括对英国FW AD工厂的水需求和使用效率的关键评估。该项目将包括实验，分析和过程建模方法，以建立商业开发的潜力，在利兹大学开发的学术创新的工业合作伙伴，Occupo。这项研究符合BBSRC的汇款要求内的生物能源战略领域，其重点是使用生物方法来产生新的替代燃料，为一个更绿色，可持续的未来。它还与生物经济的核心组成部分保持一致，涉及在英国境内部署生物能源，有可能创造就业机会、经济增长并增强能源安全。