Hindlimb cortical bone adaptation and locomotion in primates

灵长类动物后肢皮质骨的适应和运动

• 批准号: 1944571
• 负责人: Kristi Lewton
• 金额: $ 14.34万
• 依托单位: University of Southern California
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-05-01 至 2025-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1944571&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Hindlimb; cortical; bone; adaptation; locomotion

This project will examine the strength of leg and foot bones in primates and other mammals in relation to locomotor behaviors. The investigators use high-resolution three-dimensional imaging to quantify internal features of long bones of the hindlimb in a broad sample of living and fossil primates, rodents, and marsupials. Results will contribute new information on how bone responds to forces produced during locomotion, how early primates adapted to arboreal environments, and how the postcranial skeleton evolves in response to similar locomotor regimes in different mammalian groups. The societal impacts of this research include broadening participation of underrepresented groups in science and improving STEM education through integrating research and education. An outcome of this project will be training students traditionally underrepresented in STEM and preparing educational materials to be shared through public outreach events and an online data repository.Leaping is an important behavior for many living primates and is thought to have been vital to the origin of the primate body plan. While it is generally accepted that the earliest primates used some form of leaping locomotion, how and when the primate skeleton adapted to leaping behaviors is not well understood. This research compares species that differ in locomotor behavior to 1) identify form-function links between hindlimb internal bone anatomy and prevalence of leaping behaviors, 2) determine whether leaping primates, rodents, and marsupials share similar hindlimb bone strength adaptations due to their similar ways of moving, and 3) analyze how these measures of hindlimb bone strength evolved in living and extinct primate groups. Using high-resolution micro-computed tomography, cross-sectional geometric properties representing measures of bone strength will be calculated for the calcaneus, navicular, femur and tibia, and compared across species that differ in the amount of time spent leaping versus using quadrupedal behaviors. In addition, phylogenetic comparative methods will be used to evaluate macroevolutionary patterns, adaptive shifts, and convergent evolution of leaping behaviors in a sample of extant and fossil Eocene primates.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目将研究灵长类动物和其他哺乳动物腿部和足部骨骼的强度与运动行为的关系。研究人员使用高分辨率三维成像技术，对大量的灵长类动物、啮齿动物和有袋类动物的活体和化石样本的后肢长骨内部特征进行了量化。这些结果将提供新的信息，如骨骼如何对运动过程中产生的力做出反应，早期灵长类动物如何适应树栖环境，以及不同哺乳动物群体中后颅骨如何随着相似的运动机制而进化。这项研究的社会影响包括扩大未被充分代表的群体对科学的参与，并通过将研究与教育相结合来改善STEM教育。该项目的一个成果将是培训传统上在STEM中代表性较低的学生，并准备教育材料，通过公共外联活动和在线数据库共享。对于许多现存的灵长类动物来说，跳跃是一种重要的行为，被认为是灵长类身体计划起源的关键。虽然人们普遍认为最早的灵长类动物使用某种形式的跳跃运动，但灵长类骨骼如何以及何时适应跳跃行为还没有被很好地理解。这项研究比较了在运动行为上不同的物种，以1)确定后肢内部骨骼解剖和跳跃行为流行之间的形式-功能联系，2)确定跳跃灵长类、啮齿动物和有袋类动物是否由于它们相似的运动方式而具有相似的后肢骨骼强度适应能力，以及3)分析这些后肢骨骼强度测量指标是如何在现存和灭绝的灵长类动物群体中进化的。使用高分辨率的微型计算机断层扫描，将计算出跟骨、舟骨、股骨和胫骨的横截面几何特性，并比较不同物种在跳跃和使用四足动物行为时所花费的时间量的差异。此外，系统发育比较方法将被用来评估现存的和始新世化石灵长类动物的宏观进化模式、适应性变化和收敛进化。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Bone volume in the distal calcaneus correlates with body size but not leap frequency in galagids

跟骨远端的骨量与体型相关，但与巨蜥的跳跃频率无关

• DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24411
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: American Journal of Biological Anthropology
• 作者: Lewton, Kristi L.;Cardenas, Emily‐Elizabeth;Cruz, Daniela;Morales, Jocelyn;Patel, Biren A.
• 通讯作者: Patel, Biren A.