CAREER: The relative importance of remote oceanic forcing on estuarine exchange flow across a broad parameter space - Numerical analysis integrated with visualization & educati

河口和沿海海洋之间的交换是影响河口冲刷特征（停留时间）的关键动力驱动因素，并影响关键的生物和地球化学过程，如营养物和浮游植物浓度，缺氧/缺氧条件的发展和河口/海洋界面的酸化。 对当地力量进行广泛研究（即，河流、垂直混合、水深测量引起的潮汐泵送、当地风）驱动河口交换流有助于增进河口物理学的知识。然而，海洋强迫的相对作用（即，离岸羽流、海岸困波、风暴引起的上升流和风驱动的上升流/下降流）的了解较少，特别是在不同的河口类型中。本研究的目的是了解远程海洋强迫的河口交换流的相对影响，使用数值模拟应用于10个不同的河口类型。现有的，经过验证的，现实的数值模拟与半理想化和理想化的数值模拟进行配对分析。考虑到其对重要的生物和地球化学过程的影响，了解远程强迫对河口交换影响的科学价值是广泛的，更重要的是，它将提供更好的理解河口如何应对未来海洋和大气条件的变化。此外，作为这项研究的一部分，研究与教育相结合，通过设计一个交互式可视化工具的数值模拟。这项研究采用了综合方法，并使用了许多科学家产生的模拟。这使河口研究界聚集在一起，以解决个别河口研究无法回答的科学问题。这项工作的教育部分旨在建立一个科学家-教育工作者社区，其中包括科学家、教育研究人员和专家、科学和计算机科学中学教师、本科研究人员、博士后研究人员和研究生。有价值的工具，为研究和教育界，包括分析代码，一个交互式的模拟可视化工具，伴随着教训脚手架课程内容，教学资源将被开发和公开提供。有一个知识差距的河口交换流的远程海洋强迫的相对重要性，这是如何在不同的河口类型。在这项研究中，现有的河口参数化进行测试，并将结果映射到适当的参数空间，解决了这一差距。10个不同的河口数值模式的综合构成了一种新的方式接近河口科学-研究各种河口，而不是一个“最喜欢的河口。and then Calculate the exhaust flow（由总交换流量TEF量化）在一个广泛的河口参数空间（2）定量分析不同类型和频率的远海强迫以及不同河口类型和几何条件下远海强迫对TEF的作用;（3）利用模式输出，优化设计观测台阵，用TEF测量这些过程;（四）将数值模拟输出的交互式可视化工具与课程支架相结合，以产生教育工具和研究与教育相结合的机会。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值进行评估，被认为值得支持。和更广泛的影响审查标准。

Exchange between estuaries and the coastal ocean is a key dynamical driver affecting the flushing characteristics of an estuary (residence time) and impact critical biological and biogeochemical processes such as nutrient and phytoplankton concentrations, development of anoxic/hypoxic conditions and acidification across the estuary/ocean interface. Extensive research on the local forces (i.e., river flow, vertical mixing, tidal pumping due to bathymetry, local winds) driving estuarine exchange flows has helped advance knowledge of estuarine physics. However, the relative role of oceanic forcing (i.e., offshore plumes, coastal trapped waves, storm induced set-up, and wind driven upwelling / downwelling) is less understood, particularly across the different estuary types. This study aims at understanding the relative influence of remote oceanic forcing on estuarine exchange flow using numerical modeling applied across 10 different estuary types. Existing, validated, realistic numerical simulations are paired with semi-idealized and idealized numerical simulations for analysis. The scientific value of understanding the influence of remote forcing on estuarine exchange is broad given its impacts on important biological and biogeochemical processes, and more importantly, it will afford improved understanding of how estuaries may respond to future changes of oceanic and atmospheric conditions. In addition, as part of this study, research is integrated with education through the design of an interactive visualization tool for numerical simulations. This study employs a synthesis approach and uses simulations generated by numerous scientists. This brings together the estuarine research community to address scientific questions that could not be answered by individual estuary studies. The educational component of the work aims at building a community of scientist - educators that include scientists, education researchers and experts, secondary school teachers in science and computer science, undergraduate researchers, a postdoctoral researcher, and a graduate student. Valuable tools for both the research and education communities, including analysis codes, an interactive simulation visualization tool accompanied with lesson scaffolding curriculum content, and teaching resources will be developed and made publicly available.There is a knowledge gap on the relative importance of remote oceanic forcing on estuarine exchange flow and how this varies across different estuary types. This gap is addressed in this study where existing estuarine parameterizations are tested, and the results are mapped onto the appropriate parameter space. The synthesis of 10 different estuarine numerical models constitutes a novel way of approaching estuarine science - studying a variety of estuaries rather than one "favorite estuary." Specifically, the proposed work will (1) Calculate the estuarine exchange flow (as quantified by the Total Exchange Flow, TEF) across a wide estuarine parameter space (defined by the mixing parameter, M, and freshwater Froude number, Frf); (2) Quantify the role of remote oceanic forcing on TEF for different types and frequencies of remote forcing and on different estuary types and geometries; (3) Use model output to optimally design an observational array to measure these processes with TEF; (4) Integrate an interactive visualization tool of numerical simulation output with lesson scaffolding to produce educational tools and opportunities for integration between research and educationThis award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.