Science and Innovation Leadership for the 21st Century: Challenges and Strategic Implications for the United States

美国面临着日益严重的战略和竞争力问题，这些问题源于世界各地的科学和工程进步，以及影响现代生活几乎方方面面的更加开放和互联的市场。为了应对这一变化带来的机遇，各国——不仅是盟友，也包括对手——正在对政策、制度和基础设施进行重大投资，目标是在国家经济和安全战略利益领域获得技术能力和优势。世界各地盟国和敌对国家的先进技术对美国持续的经济竞争力和安全具有重要影响：为了使国家适应新的竞争现实，它必须培养对当前紧急情况以及新出现的机遇和挑战的广泛认识。为了解决这些问题，科学、技术和经济政策委员会（STEP）与科学、技术和法律委员会（CSTL）合作，两者都是政策和全球事务部关于美国科学和创新政策主题的一部分，提议召集一个特设研究委员会，审查美国在新兴技术方面的当前竞争地位；确定其在科学、技术和创新方面的持续领导地位面临的挑战；并确定在关键领域失去科学和创新领导地位的战略影响。委员会将组织一系列四次讲习班，为委员会收集数据和知情观点。每次讲习班结束后，将由一名指定报告员按照机构准则编写一份简报和讨论的会议记录。最后，在这些研讨会上收集的证据将为研究委员会的审议提供信息，研究委员会将发布一份载有调查结果和建议的协商一致报告。该研究将提请注意美国在委员会确定的关键领域保持技术优势所面临的体制和政策挑战（如果有的话）。该报告将重点介绍最近对美国竞争力、贸易、技术和创新政策的研究；并强调现有政策和制度如何相互作用。特别地，委员会将讨论与开放科学相关的潜在成本和收益；讨论当前市场或机构在加速有可能改变游戏规则的经济、人类健康和国家安全领导努力的研究进展方面的失败；并考虑在全球化的世界中，其他国家的做法，包括招聘顶尖人才、大量资源投资和以新的方式使用信息技术来提高其竞争力和治理体系，如何影响美国的机构和能力。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The United States faces significant and growing strategic and competitiveness concerns stemming from the scientific and engineering progress around the world coupled with more open and connected markets that affect nearly every aspect of modern life. Responding to the opportunities presented by this change, countries--not only allies but also adversaries--are making significant investments in policies, institutions, and infrastructure with the goal of gaining technological competence and superiority in areas of strategic national economic and security interest. Technological sophistication in both allies and adversary nations around the world have important consequences for the continued economic competitiveness and security of the United States: For the nation to adapt to new competitive realities, it must develop a broad awareness of current exigencies as well as emerging opportunities and challenges. To address these issues, the Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy (STEP), in cooperation with the Committee on Science, Technology, and Law (CSTL), both part of the Policy and Global Affairs Division's theme on U.S. Science and Innovation Policy, proposes to convene an ad hoc study committee that will examine the current competitive position of the United States in emerging technologies; identify challenges to its continued leadership in science, technology, and innovation; and identify the strategic implications of the loss of scientific and innovation leadership in key areas. The committee will organize a series of four workshops that will serve to gather data and informed perspectives for the committee. Following each workshop, a proceedings in brief of the presentations and discussions will be prepared by a designated rapporteur in accordance with institutional guidelines. Finally, the evidence gathered at these workshops will inform the deliberations of the study committee, which will issue a consensus report with findings and recommendations. The study will draw attention to institutional and policy challenges, if any, facing the United States in maintaining technological superiority in key areas identified by the committee. The study will highlight recent research on U.S. competitiveness and trade, technology, and innovation policies; and highlight how existing policies and institutions may interact. In particular, the committee will discuss potential costs and benefits associated with open science; discuss current market or institutional failures to accelerating research advances that have the potential for game-changing economic, human health, and national security leadership efforts; and consider how practices by other countries, including recruitment of top talent, large resource investments, and novel use of information technologies to advance their competitiveness and governance systems can, in a globalized world, affect U.S. institutions and capabilities.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.