Collaborative Research: Horses and Human Societies in the American West

合作研究：美国西部的马与人类社会

• 批准号: 1949283
• 负责人: Brandi Bethke
• 金额: $ 3.57万
• 依托单位: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-06-01 至 2023-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1949283&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Horses; Human; Societies

Researchers seeking to understand the complex interactions between present-day environmental and cultural change increasingly turn to historical datasets, which enable examination of such interactions over the long term. This project uses historical and archaeological data to model human responses to one of the most important socio-environmental changes in human history: the dispersal of the domestic horse into the Americas in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The project promotes collaborative research with and public outreach to indigenous groups, supports an early-career researcher and the development of scientific facilities and public education at the University of Colorado, and funds the education of students at three western universities (including a Hispanic-serving institution). Results of the project are to be disseminated through both the scientific literature, popular media, and a museum exhibit, as well as a series of seminars bringing together scholars and indigenous leaders. In doing so, this project establishes an analytical framework for understanding the complex interaction between species dispersals, environmental changes, ecological factors, and cultural transformations that built our modern world.After their introduction to the Americas domestic horses revolutionized life across the plains and deserts of North America, giving rise to the great horse cultures of the plains and deserts and forming the backbone of economically and militarily dominant Native empires during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Despite the obvious importance of horses in later history, however, gaps in the historic record mean that little is known about when, why, or how the first horses were first integrated into Native societies across most of the American West. Applying techniques including radiocarbon dating, ancient DNA sequencing, zooarchaeology, and stable isotopes analysis to ancient horse remains, this project produces a scientific model for when and how domestic horses dispersed into the continent, and in so doing explains the ways horses impacted life in early historic America.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

寻求了解当今环境和文化变化之间复杂相互作用的研究人员越来越多地转向历史数据集，这些数据集可以长期检查这种相互作用。该项目使用历史和考古数据来模拟人类对人类历史上最重要的社会环境变化之一的反应：在十五和十六世纪，家养马传播到美洲。该项目促进与土著群体的合作研究和对土著群体的公共宣传，支持科罗拉多大学的一名早期职业研究人员和发展科学设施和公共教育，并资助三所西部大学（包括一所西班牙裔大学）的学生教育。该项目的成果将通过科学文献、大众媒体和博物馆展览以及一系列汇集学者和土著领导人的研讨会进行传播。在此过程中，该项目建立了一个分析框架，以了解物种扩散，环境变化，生态因素和文化变革之间的复杂相互作用，这些因素构成了我们的现代世界。在引入美洲后，家养马彻底改变了北美平原和沙漠的生活，在17和18世纪，马文化在平原和沙漠地区产生，并形成了经济和军事上占主导地位的土著帝国的支柱。然而，尽管马在后来的历史中具有明显的重要性，但历史记录中的空白意味着人们对第一批马何时、为何或如何首次融入美国西部大部分地区的原住民社会知之甚少。该项目将放射性碳测年、古代DNA测序、动物考古学和稳定同位素分析等技术应用于古代马匹遗骸，为家养马匹何时以及如何分散到非洲大陆建立了科学模型，这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。

项目成果

Early dispersal of domestic horses into the Great Plains and northern Rockies

家养马早期散布到大平原和落基山脉北部

• DOI: 10.1126/science.adc9691
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Science
• 影响因子: 56.9
• 作者: Taylor, William Timothy;Librado, Pablo;Hunska Tašunke Icu, Mila;Shield Chief Gover, Carlton;Arterberry, Jimmy;Luta Wiƞ, Anpetu;Nujipi, Akil;Omniya, Tanka;Gonzalez, Mario;Means, Bill
• 通讯作者: Means, Bill