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Intergroup conflict and beliefs in supernatural entities concerned with moral behavior

群体间冲突和对与道德行为有关的超自然实体的信仰

基本信息

批准号：
1949467
负责人：
Jeremy Ginges
金额：
$ 64.67万
依托单位：
The New School
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-11-15 至 2026-10-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1949467&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Intergroup conflict beliefs supernatural entities

项目摘要

Belief in supernatural entities is often assumed to motivate inter-group conflict and war although recent research highlights that morally relevant cognitions can also de-escalate conflict. The goal of this research is to develop a theoretical framework that will allow us to understand, predict and model how beliefs in supernatural entities influences inter-group relations, sometimes encouraging cooperation and tolerance, and at other times promoting conflict. In examining how morally relevant cognition can produce divergent outcomes in inter-group relations, this research has the potential to offer a paradigm shift in our understanding of how beliefs may have shaped, and continue to influence, cooperation between humans living in diverse, complex societies. At a broader level, this research will help to build a foundation for evidence-based approaches to facilitate positive relations. This research aims to elucidate how belief in supernatural entities concerned with human moral behavior (“big gods”) influences decision making in inter-group interactions. This involves developing and testing a theoretical framework to explain how such beliefs can sometimes exacerbate, but at other times attenuate, inter-group conflict. The framework rests on the following: (1) Big god beliefs enhance fidelity to moral norms. (2) To understand how big god beliefs influence inter-group relations, we must understand the norms associated with particular inter-group contexts. (3) Humans make moral decisions in a flexible manner, favoring inter-group cooperation in some situations (e.g., when fairness/reciprocity is functional), but parochial altruism in other situations (e.g., when loyalty is functional). Thus, (4) the effect of big god beliefs on inter-group behavior will depend on the moral motives elicited by specific inter-group situations. The research team tests this theory with field and online experiments in contexts that vary in their degree of conflict and with diverse populations. Across studies, participants make economic and moral decisions in inter-group contexts. This allows testing how cognition enhances fidelity to situationally specific norms. The research team employs complementary talents of scholars in social psychology, political psychology, and anthropology who have expertise in conflict and cooperation and who have collaborated with each other to conduct fieldwork in the proposed research sites. This research advances theory while also providing real-world relevance for policy makers.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

对超自然实体的信仰通常被认为是激发群体间冲突和战争的原因，尽管最近的研究强调，道德上相关的认知也可以降低冲突的升级。这项研究的目标是建立一个理论框架，使我们能够理解，预测和建模超自然实体的信仰如何影响群体间的关系，有时鼓励合作和宽容，有时促进冲突。在研究道德相关的认知如何在群体间关系中产生不同的结果时，这项研究有可能为我们理解信仰如何塑造并继续影响生活在多样化复杂社会中的人类之间的合作提供范式转变。在更广泛的层面上，这项研究将有助于建立一个以证据为基础的方法，以促进积极的关系的基础。本研究的目的是阐明信仰与人类道德行为有关的超自然实体（“大神”）如何影响群体间互动中的决策。这涉及开发和测试一个理论框架，以解释这些信念如何有时会加剧，但在其他时候会减弱，群体间的冲突。该框架基于以下几点：（1）大神信仰增强了对道德规范的忠诚。(2)为了理解大神信仰如何影响群体间关系，我们必须理解与特定群体间背景相关的规范。(3)人类以灵活的方式做出道德决定，在某些情况下倾向于群体间的合作（例如，当公平/互惠发挥作用时），但在其他情况下的狭隘利他主义（例如，忠诚度是功能性的）。因此，（4）大神信仰对群际行为的影响将取决于特定群际情境所引发的道德动机。研究小组通过实地和在线实验来测试这一理论，这些实验的背景不同，冲突程度不同，人口也不同。在整个研究中，参与者在群体间背景下做出经济和道德决策。这允许测试认知如何增强对情境特定规范的保真度。研究团队聘请了社会心理学，政治心理学和人类学学者的互补人才，他们具有冲突与合作方面的专业知识，并相互合作，在拟议的研究地点进行实地考察。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（6）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Thinking About God Encourages Prosociality Toward Religious Outgroups: A Cross-Cultural Investigation

思考上帝鼓励对宗教外群体的亲社会性：一项跨文化调查

DOI：
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
Psychological science
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Pasek, M. H.
通讯作者：
Pasek, M. H.

A motivational framework of religion: Tying together the why and the how of religion

宗教的动机框架：将宗教的原因和方式联系在一起

DOI：
10.1002/ejsp.2826
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
European Journal of Social Psychology
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Vishkin, Allon;Ben‐Nun Bloom, Pazit;Arikan, Gizem;Ginges, Jeremy
通讯作者：
Ginges, Jeremy

Palestinians and Israelis believe the other's God encourages intergroup benevolence: A case of positive intergroup meta-perceptions

巴勒斯坦人和以色列人相信对方的上帝鼓励群体间的仁慈：积极的群体间元认知的案例

DOI：
10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104551
发表时间：
2024
期刊：
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Shackleford, Crystal M.;Pasek, Michael H.;Vishkin, Allon;Ginges, Jeremy
通讯作者：
Ginges, Jeremy

Thinking about God discourages dehumanization of religious outgroups.

思考上帝会阻止宗教外群体的非人化。

DOI：
10.1037/xge0001206
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
影响因子：
0
作者：
Smith, Julia M.;Pasek, Michael H.;Vishkin, Allon;Johnson, Kathryn A.;Shackleford, Crystal;Ginges, Jeremy
通讯作者：
Ginges, Jeremy

Rights and Responsibilities Are Substitutable Framings That Differentially Affect Judgment

权利和责任是可替代的框架，对判断产生不同的影响