A Workshop for Studying the Knowledge Creation Process with the ASA/Mason Digital Archive of Manuscripts and Reviews; Fairfax, VA - March 2020

利用 ASA/Mason 手稿和评论数字档案库研究知识创造过程的研讨会；

• 批准号: 1949732
• 负责人: James Witte
• 金额: $ 4.97万
• 依托单位: George Mason University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-01-15 至 2022-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1949732&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Workshop; Studying; Knowledge; Creation; Process

Much of science is found in peer-reviewed journals. However, researchers in the history or sociology of science cannot study what is accepted and what is rejected in these journals because until recently they did not have access to a body of data that included accepted and rejected manuscripts, the topics covered, the characteristics of those who submitted manuscripts, and the comments of the reviewers. Moreover, they did not have such data over time, so that they might see changes within a discipline in terms of topics and submitters. The American Sociological Association (ASA) has electronic copies of all the manuscripts and all the reviews for ASA journals for a twenty-year period between 1991 and 2010. Based on a prior three-year, NSF-funded project, the Center for Social Science Research (CSSR) at the George Mason University has created a Digital Archive that contains this information for the American Sociological Review, the ASA’s top journal. Given the complexities of the Archive data file, in June 2019 CSSR held a two-day workshop so that interested scholars could be trained to use it to answer critical questions about the history and development of sociology in a time-period of pronounced changes in the discipline. Demand for the first Workshop was high and its documented success have prompted the need for a second workshop. Faculty trained in the use of the archive will pass on this knowledge to their colleagues in sociology and other disciplines to further the study of the peer-review system for a flagship journal. This project is beneficial because it allows for scrutiny of the scientific process.This project will support a two-day workshop to be held in April 2020 to train a new group of faculty and graduate students in the use of the ASA/Mason American Sociological Review (ASR) Digital Archive. The Center for Social Science Research (CSSR) at the George Mason University has created a Digital Archive of more than 8,000 manuscripts and 26,000 reviews. The Archive includes demographic and institutional information of authors and reviews over a 20-year time-span. The Archive was created by examining all submitted manuscripts, matching them with reviewers, and using the internet to secure other information about authors and reviewers. This information was merged into four types of files—author, reviewer, person, and manuscript files. Workshop participants will become familiar with the files and learn how to link them and/or how to use each separately, depending on the research question to be answered. Examining these files allows researchers to determine whether the peer networks of reviews are intellectually distant from those of authors, or whether both the author and the reviewer are in the same networks, thus suggesting the potential for reviewer bias.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

许多科学都是在同行评议的期刊上找到的。然而，科学史或科学社会学的研究人员无法研究这些期刊中哪些被接受，哪些被拒绝，因为直到最近，他们还无法获得包括接受和拒绝手稿、所涵盖的主题、提交手稿的人的特征以及评审者评论的大量数据。此外，随着时间的推移，他们没有这样的数据，因此他们可能会看到某个学科在主题和提交者方面的变化。美国社会学协会(ASA)拥有1991年至2010年20年间美国社会学协会期刊的所有手稿和评论的电子副本。乔治梅森大学的社会科学研究中心(CSSR)在之前一个由NSF资助的为期三年的项目的基础上，创建了一个数字档案馆，其中包含这些信息，供ASA的顶级期刊《美国社会学评论》使用。鉴于档案馆数据文件的复杂性，CSSR于2019年6月举办了为期两天的讲习班，以便培训感兴趣的学者使用它回答有关社会学历史和发展的关键问题--在该学科发生显著变化的时期。对第一期讲习班的需求很高，其有据可查的成功促使需要举办第二期讲习班。接受过档案使用培训的教职员工将把这方面的知识传授给社会学和其他学科的同事，以进一步研究旗舰期刊的同行评审制度。这个项目是有益的，因为它允许对科学过程进行审查。该项目将支持2020年4月举行的为期两天的研讨会，培训一批新的教职员工和研究生使用ASA/Mason美国社会学评论(ASR)数字档案。乔治梅森大学社会科学研究中心(CSSR)创建了一个包含8000多份手稿和26000篇评论的数字档案馆。该档案包括作者的人口统计和机构信息，以及20年来的评论。该档案馆是通过检查所有提交的手稿，将它们与审稿人匹配，并使用互联网保护关于作者和审稿人的其他信息而创建的。这些信息被合并到四种类型的文件中--作者文件、审稿人文件、个人文件和手稿文件。研讨会参与者将熟悉这些文件，并学习如何将它们联系起来和/或如何分别使用每个文件，具体取决于要回答的研究问题。通过检查这些文件，研究人员可以确定同行的评论网络是否在智力上与作者的网络相距遥远，或者作者和审稿人是否在同一网络中，从而暗示了潜在的审稿人偏见。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。