On the physics of crystal-rich mush

富含晶体糊状物的物理原理

• 批准号: 1950113
• 负责人: George Bergantz
• 金额: $ 33.69万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-04-01 至 2024-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1950113&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: physics; crystal; rich; mush

There is great uncertainty about the processes that occur under volcanoes, yielding eruptions and other unseen processes that form the Earth's crust. Both the chemical composition of erupted materials and the related 'frozen' bodies of rock, suggests that the natural state of these magmas (molten rock) is a mushy, or crystal-rich material. An obstacle to understanding the processes that produce the diversity in volcanoes and chemical compositions is that there is only a poor understanding of the physical behavior of these mushes. The objective of this research is to illuminate in new detail how the physical processes occurring in crystal mush can control volcanic and plutonic systems. The broader impacts of this work are that it will enhance our ability to understand, anticipate and communicate hazards and to explain why certain processes have particular timescales. It will also bring new concepts from material science into the study of geological processes, and train students in new problem solving skills of wide application.This research effort is one part of a collaboration involving a total fourteen researchers at five institutions, in the USA and France. The research objective is to describe and rationalize the behavior of magma mush by a combination of novel, linked experimental and numerical modeling techniques. This will be the first time that high resolution numerical and laboratory experiments will be employed in an initially coordinated fashion using natural materials at the same scale. The specific research products from the experimental work provide kinematic elements of mush description: local and system fabric (expressed by their tensors calculated by image analysis) and bulk rheology. The numerical experiments provide information unavailable from the lab experiments: force tensors and fabric. Combining these two descriptions yields a unified, extensible framework to reveal the controls on mush behavior without ad hoc assumptions across a wide variety of magmatic compositions and conditions. The experimental work includes both high-pressure apparatus, The Griggs rig, as well as more moderate pressure, the Paterson press. Thus the project will explore a pressure range from the Moho to the near surface with shared elements of description.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在火山下发生的过程，产生喷发和其他看不见的形成地壳的过程，有很大的不确定性。喷发物质的化学成分和相关的“冻结”岩石体都表明，这些岩浆（熔融岩石）的自然状态是糊状或富含晶体的物质。理解火山和化学成分多样性的过程的一个障碍是，人们对这些火山泥的物理行为知之甚少。这项研究的目的是阐明在新的细节如何发生在晶体糊状物的物理过程可以控制火山和深成系统。这项工作的更广泛影响是，它将提高我们理解、预测和沟通危害的能力，并解释为什么某些过程具有特定的时间尺度。它还将把材料科学的新概念引入到地质过程的研究中，并培养学生解决广泛应用的新问题的技能。这项研究工作是一项合作的一部分，共有来自美国和法国五个机构的14名研究人员参与。研究的目的是描述和合理化的行为，岩浆泥相结合的新的，相关的实验和数值模拟技术。这将是第一次，高分辨率的数值和实验室实验将采用一个最初的协调方式使用相同规模的天然材料。实验工作的具体研究成果提供了糊状物描述的运动学要素：局部和系统结构（由图像分析计算的张量表示）和体积流变学。数值实验提供了实验室实验无法提供的信息：力张量和织物。结合这两个描述产生一个统一的，可扩展的框架，揭示了在各种岩浆成分和条件下，没有特别的假设对糊状物行为的控制。实验工作包括两个高压装置，格里格钻机，以及更温和的压力，帕特森新闻。因此，该项目将探索从莫霍面到近地表的压力范围，并具有共同的描述要素。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。