Life Cycles of Basaltic Magma Mushes: The Dynamic Controls on Unlocking and Mixing

岩浆作用(火山作用)将热量和质量从地球深处输送到地表，形成了地壳，强烈地影响了大气层和生物圈。然而，这些过程几乎完全看不见，而且动力学必须从稀疏的观测中推断出来。这些观测集中在一幅岩浆系统的图景上，以至于它们在其热寿命的大部分时间里都以糊状或富含晶体的准静态状态存在。从海洋岛屿和大型火成岩省份，到汇聚的边缘火山链，再到大洋中脊系统，各种地质环境都记录了这一点。令人难以置信的是，也证实了这些蘑菇可以迅速动员和复杂混合，有时就在喷发之前。当晶体泥被保存为大型深成体时，它们显示出同时共存的复杂流体和颗粒流变学的证据。我们的目标是确定在自然界中产生这些重复过程的基本动态模板。我们将通过统一的晶体化学数据和新的计算流体动力学模拟工具来揭示控制不同岩浆幕的出现和特征的模板。我们的区域将是夏威夷莫纳罗亚1868年的熔岩流，在那里我们将识别不同的岩浆产品种群，通过利用离散元素方法计算流体动力学方法，我们可以创建合成种群并识别它们发生的动态控制。

The transport of heat and mass from the Earth's deep interior to the surface by magmatism (volcanism) creates the Earth's crust and strongly conditions the atmosphere and biosphere. However the processes are almost entirely unseen, and the dynamics must be inferred from sparse observations. These observations have converged on a picture for magma systems such that they exist in a mushy, or crystal-rich and quasi-static, state for much of their thermal lifetime. This has been documented in a variety of geological environments from ocean islands and large igneous provinces, to convergent margin volcanic chains, to mid-ocean ridge systems.Paradoxically, it has also been confirmed that these mushes can be rapidly mobilized and complexly mixed, sometimes just prior to eruption. And when the crystal mushes are preserved as large plutonic bodies, they display evidence of complex fluid and granular rheological regimes that co-existed simultaneously. Our aim is to identify the fundamental dynamic templates that produce these reoccurring processes in Nature. We will do this by employing the unification of crystal-chemical data and novel computational fluid dynamics modeling tools to reveal the templates which control of emergence of and character of distinct magmatic episodes. Our field area will be the 1868 lava flows of Mauna Loa, Hawaii, where we will identify distinct populations of magmatic products, and by utilizing the discrete element method computational fluid dynamics approach we can create synthetic populations and identify what the dynamic controls are on their occurance.