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EAR-PF:Stratigraphic paleobiology in continental settings: Developing a sequence-stratigraphic framework of fossil preservation in continental deposits through model building and

EAR-PF：大陆环境中的地层古生物学：通过模型构建和开发大陆沉积物化石保存的层序地层框架

基本信息

批准号：
1952643
负责人：
Katharine Loughney
金额：
$ 17.4万
依托单位：
Loughney Katharine M
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Fellowship Award
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-09-01 至 2022-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1952643&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
EAR PF Stratigraphic paleobiology continental

项目摘要

Dr. Katharine Loughney has been awarded an NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship to investigate large-scale controls on fossil preservation at the University of Georgia under the mentorship of Dr. Steven Holland. Many factors contribute to the preservation of fossils, including the habitats in which plants and animals lived, and the geologic processes that control the burial of their remains. In marine environments, water depth is a major control on habitat, sedimentation, and animal abundance, and the rock and fossil records of marine systems can therefore be studied in relation to their mutual drivers. On land, tectonics, climate, elevation, and stream processes are important controls on the spatial distribution of habitats and the burial of organisms. The interaction of these controls is complex and has not been as extensively studied as those in the marine realm. The goal of this project is to study the preservation of fossils in relation to the controls on habitat and burial in terrestrial environments. Through modeling fossil accumulation under varying tectonic and climatic states to predict the occurrence of fossils in sedimentary basin fill, and by testing these predictions in the field, the large-scale drivers of preservation can be better constrained. The outcomes of this project will enhance understanding of how tectonics, climate, and sedimentation processes control fossil preservation and will allow the occurrence of fossil-bearing strata to be predicted. This project will involve undergraduate students in field and laboratory work, while project findings will be incorporated into field-based paleontology courses to contribute to the training and education of graduate students. Additionally, the project will be the basis for public museum displays.Accommodation and sedimentation are the two main stratigraphic controls on the distribution of sedimentary facies, which can be evaluated using sequence stratigraphy. Stratigraphic paleobiology integrates the fossil record with sequence-stratigraphic architecture, revealing the predictable occurrence of fossiliferous facies. The goal of the proposed research is to apply the principles of sequence stratigraphy to understand the distribution of fossiliferous facies in relation to the history of accommodation and sedimentation in continental extensional-basin sequences. Extensional basins are important repositories of the continental fossil record, and their tectonic and facies evolution is predictable and well characterized. Dr. Loughney will: 1) develop a conceptual model of fossil accumulation in alluvial systems tracts that incorporates the intra- and extrabasinal controls on sedimentation in extensional continental basins, and 2) test the model with field work in the Miocene Stewart Valley Group of Nevada. Characterizing the facies relationships and stratigraphic occurrence of fossil localities through the Stewart Valley Group will test the predictions of the model and demonstrate how fossil preservation changes through the history of accommodation and sedimentation in the basin. This research will enable patterns of evolution and extinction in continental plants and animals to be integrated with stratigraphy and preservation across basins.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

凯瑟琳·拉夫尼博士被授予NSF博士后奖学金，在史蒂文·霍兰德博士的指导下，在格鲁吉亚大学研究化石保存的大规模控制。许多因素有助于化石的保存，包括植物和动物生活的栖息地，以及控制其遗骸埋葬的地质过程。在海洋环境中，水深是对栖息地、沉积作用和动物丰度的主要控制因素，因此可以研究海洋系统的岩石和化石记录与其相互驱动因素的关系。在陆地上，构造、气候、海拔和河流过程是控制生境空间分布和生物埋藏的重要因素。这些控制的相互作用是复杂的，并没有得到广泛的研究，因为那些在海洋领域。该项目的目标是研究化石的保存与陆地环境中对栖息地和埋葬的控制的关系。通过模拟不同构造和气候状态下的化石积累，预测沉积盆地填充物中化石的出现，并通过在实地测试这些预测，可以更好地约束大规模的保存驱动因素。该项目的成果将提高对构造、气候和沉积过程如何控制化石保存的理解，并将使含化石地层的出现得以预测。该项目将让本科生参与实地和实验室工作，而项目结果将纳入实地古生物学课程，以促进研究生的培训和教育。此外，该项目将成为公共博物馆展示的基础。可容纳空间和沉积作用是沉积相分布的两个主要地层控制因素，可以使用层序地层学进行评价。地层古生物学将化石记录与层序地层结构相结合，揭示了可预测的含油气相的出现。拟议的研究的目标是应用层序地层学的原理，了解与大陆伸展盆地层序的可容纳空间和沉积历史有关的含油气相的分布。伸展盆地是大陆化石记录的重要存储库，其构造和相演化具有可预测性和良好的特征。Loughney博士将：1）建立一个冲积体系域中化石堆积的概念模型，该模型综合了盆地内和盆地外对伸展性大陆盆地沉积作用的控制; 2）在内华达州中新世斯图尔特谷群进行野外工作，检验该模型。通过斯图尔特谷群描述化石地点的相关系和地层产状，将测试模型的预测，并展示化石保存如何通过盆地中的容纳和沉积历史而变化。这项研究将使大陆植物和动物的进化和灭绝模式与地层学和跨流域保护相结合。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。