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EAR-PF Bringing fossil cephalopods back to life: virtual and physical assessment of hydrostatics, hydrodynamics, and functional morphology

EAR-PF 让化石头足类动物复活：静水力学、流体动力学和功能形态的虚拟和物理评估

基本信息

批准号：
1952756
负责人：
David Peterman
金额：
$ 17.4万
依托单位：
Peterman, David J
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Fellowship Award
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-08-01 至 2022-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1952756&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
EAR PF Bringing fossil cephalopods

项目摘要

An NSF EAR Postdoctoral Fellowship has been granted to David J. Peterman to carry out research and education plans at the University of Utah under the mentorship of Dr. Kathleen Ritterbush. The research project focuses on investigating the aquatic biomechanics of fossil cephalopods (e.g. nautiloids, ammonoids, etc.) to disentangle the relationship between shell form and function. During their extensive evolutionary history, thousands of cephalopod species experimented with wildly different shell morphologies while serving as vital components of marine ecosystems. Despite their abundance, diversity, and rapid turnover, little is known about the specific modes of life or life habit assumed by characteristic morphotypes, or the functional morphology of certain shell features. Therefore, understanding the properties of these diverse organisms is necessary to integrate morphology into the current grasp of evolution and extinction, the constraints on biogeographic dispersal, and the paleoecology of these key components of marine ecosystems. The project will construct a self-sustaining, state-of-the-art, aquatic biomechanics laboratory while fostering education in emerging technologies in engineering and computer science, and thus promoting the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration. In order to investigate the interaction between ecology and evolution for shelled cephalopods, the PI will develop a cutting-edge workflow for the generation of neutrally buoyant cephalopod models in virtual and physical settings. The proposed virtual modeling of fossils serves as an alternate approach to tomographic techniques. Additionally, their physical counterparts can be used to assess complex physical properties in a chaotic, real world setting. Such models will allow the computation of physical properties that acted on these animals during life. These properties include hydrostatics (the conditions for neutral buoyancy, stability, life orientation, the directional efficiency of movement) and hydrodynamics (drag, lift, and swimming capabilities). Such properties are fundamental to better understand the constraints on locomotion, modes of life, life habit, paleoecology, and the selective pressures acting on the targeted cephalopods (from the scale of individual communities to entire morphotypes). Due to the vast temporal range, ubiquity, diversity, and extensive geographic distributions of shelled cephalopods, evaluating their syn vivo physical properties is vital to fully-reconstruct almost any marine ecosystem during most of the Phanerozoic Eon. This project received co-funding from the Sedimentary Geology and Paleobiology program in the Earth Science division.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

美国国家科学基金会博士后奖学金已授予大卫J彼得曼进行研究和教育计划在犹他州大学的指导下博士凯瑟琳里特布什。本研究计划主要探讨头足类化石（如鹦鹉螺、菊石等）的水生生物力学。来理清贝壳的形状和功能之间的关系。在其漫长的进化历史中，数千种头足类动物在作为海洋生态系统的重要组成部分时，尝试了各种不同的外壳形态。尽管其丰富，多样性和快速周转，很少有人知道的特定模式的生活或生活习惯所采取的特征形态，或功能形态的某些外壳功能。因此，了解这些不同的生物体的特性是必要的，以整合形态学到目前掌握的进化和灭绝，对地理分布的限制，以及这些海洋生态系统的关键组成部分的古生态学。该项目将建设一个自我维持的、最先进的水生生物力学实验室，同时促进工程和计算机科学新兴技术的教育，从而促进多学科合作的重要性。为了研究有壳头足类动物的生态学和进化之间的相互作用，PI将开发一个尖端的工作流程，用于在虚拟和物理环境中生成中性浮力头足类动物模型。建议的化石虚拟建模作为一种替代方法，层析成像技术。此外，它们的物理对应物可用于评估混乱的真实的世界环境中的复杂物理特性。这样的模型将允许计算在这些动物的生命过程中作用于它们的物理特性。这些特性包括流体静力学（中性浮力、稳定性、生命取向、运动方向效率的条件）和流体动力学（阻力、升力和游泳能力）。这些特性对于更好地理解运动、生活方式、生活习性、古生态学以及作用于目标头足类动物的选择压力（从个体群落的规模到整个形态型）的约束是至关重要的。由于有壳头足类的广泛的时间范围，普遍性，多样性和广泛的地理分布，评估其同体物理特性是至关重要的，以完全重建几乎任何海洋生态系统在大多数的中生代Eon。该项目获得了地球科学部沉积地质学和古生物学项目的共同资助。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。