Collaborative Proposal: CHemistry in the Artic: Clouds, Halogens and Aerosols (CHACHA) Field Campaign

合作提案：北极化学：云、卤素和气溶胶 (CHACHA) 实地活动

• 批准号: 2000404
• 负责人: Sara Lance
• 金额: $ 41.03万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Albany
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-15 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2000404&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Proposal; CHemistry; Artic; Clouds

This project aims to improve understanding of atmospheric chemistry that impacts ozone, particulate matter, and cloud chemical composition in the context of a rapidly changing Arctic. The atmosphere converts pollutants by processing them into water-soluble products that are removed through precipitation (rain or snow) or by deposition onto Earth’s surface. This chemical conversion of pollution happens through a sunlight-driven (photochemical) process known as oxidation. Most of what is known about these atmospheric processes comes from measurements made at the surface in Arctic coastal environments. The CHACHA team plans to use two instrumented aircraft to conduct airborne measurements around the Chukchi Sea, the Beaufort Sea, and the Alaska North Slope region. They plan to target features that are rapidly changing - above and downwind of sea ice "leads" (areas of open water in otherwise sea-ice-covered ocean regions), and downwind of sources of combustion-derived pollutants. Researchers will also use collected data to develop atmospheric models that will be openly available for use by the broader scientific community. The team is composed of researchers at six United States universities (in Alaska, Indiana, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and New York) and will mentor a diverse group of students and postdoctoral scholars. Researchers will also engage in several additional education and outreach activities, including an “aircraft open house” and an annual three-day Science Fair in Utqiaġvik, AK. Overall, this project will enable the United States to better understand how rapid change in the Arctic impacts the chemical composition of the atmosphere and to translate what was learned to other regions - including the atmosphere above the world's oceans and in Earth's upper atmosphere. In addition, this project is co-funded by the Arctic Natural Sciences and Atmospheric Chemistry programs.This project will improve understanding of atmospheric halogen chemistry in the gas, aerosol, and cloud water phases, with a focus on how that chemistry is impacted by Arctic sea ice loss and fossil fuel extraction. The CHACHA team plans to conduct eight weeks of observations during the Arctic spring, when halogen chemistry is most active, using two aircraft: the University of Wyoming King Air and the Purdue University Airborne Laboratory for Atmospheric Research (ALAR). Aircraft will conduct complementary sampling upwind and downwind of leads (sea ice fractures), over snow-covered tundra, and downwind of the North Slope of Alaska oilfields. Sampling will occur at various altitudes from the near-surface through the boundary layer and into the free troposphere. The team will prioritize measurement of various greenhouse gases (including O3, CO2, CH4, H2O), reactive trace gases (including NO2, SO2, N2O5, HO2NO2, bromine- and chlorine-containing gases), aerosol size distributions and composition, cloud residual particle composition, and cloud particle size distributions, as well as atmospheric data. These observations will be interpreted in part using 0-D and 1-D photochemical models and a cloud parcel model, to evaluate and advance understanding of multi-phase reactions and the vertical and horizontal propagation of atmospheric halogen chemistry in the Arctic. This dataset will improve understanding of the impact of the rapidly changing Arctic on halogen chemistry and atmospheric composition, as well as to provide fundamental knowledge of halogen chemistry that can be applied globally through models. The team will mentor students, postdocs, and conduct an array of unique outreach and educational activities.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目旨在提高对在北极快速变化的背景下影响臭氧，颗粒物和云化学成分的大气化学的理解。大气通过将污染物加工成水溶性产品来转化，这些产品通过降水（雨或雪）或通过沉积到地球表面去除。这种污染的化学转化是通过称为氧化的阳光驱动（光化学）过程发生的。有关这些大气过程的大部分知识都来自在北极沿海环境中表面进行的测量。 Chacha团队计划使用两架乐器飞机在Chukchi Sea，Beaufort Sea和Alaska North Slope地区进行空中测量。他们计划针对正在快速变化的特征 - 海冰“铅”（其他被海冰覆盖的海洋地区的开放水域）上风的特征，而下风的研究人员还将使用收集的数据来开发大气模型，这些模型将由更广泛的科学界公开使用。该团队由美国六所大学（阿拉斯加，印第安纳州，密歇根州，宾夕法尼亚州和纽约）的研究人员组成，并将指导一群潜水员的学生和博士后学者。研究人员还将从事其他几项教育和外展活动，包括在阿肯色州的Utqiaġvik举行的“飞机开放日”和每年为期三天的科学博览会。总体而言，该项目将使美国能够更好地了解北极的迅速变化如何影响大气的化学组成，并将所学的知识转化为其他地区 - 包括世界上海洋上方的大气以及地球上层大气层的大气层。此外，该项目由北极自然科学和大气化学计划共同资助。该项目将提高对气体，气溶胶和云水相中大气卤素化学的了解，重点是该化学如何受到北极海冰损失和化石损失和化石燃料的影响。 Chacha团队计划在北极春季进行八周的观察，当时卤素化学最活跃，使用两架飞机：怀俄明大学国王Air和普渡大学的空中大气研究实验室（ALAR）。飞机将在雪覆盖的苔原上和阿拉斯加油田北坡下方进行铅（海冰裂缝）的全面取样（海冰裂缝）。采样将在从近地表到边界层到自由对流层的各种高度进行。该团队将优先考虑测量各种温室气体（包括O3，CO2，CH4，H2O），反应性痕量气体（包括NO2，SO2，N2O5，HO2NO2，HO2NO2，含溴和氯的气体），气溶胶和气溶胶大小分布和组成分布，云颗粒粒子组成，以及云颗粒颗粒的组成，以及云颗粒大小分布以及I及加I I累大气。这些观察结果将使用0-D和1-D光化学模型和云包裹模型进行解释，以评估和提高对北极大气卤素化学的多相反应以及垂直和水平传播的理解。该数据集将提高人们对北极快速变化的对卤素化学和大气组成的影响的理解，并提供可以通过模型全球应用卤素化学的基本知识。该团队将心理学生，博士后和进行一系列独特的外展和教育活动。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准通过评估来支持的。