RUI: CNH2-L: An integrative analysis of perceptions, policy, and land use impact on coastal agricultural watershed resilience

RUI：CNH2-L：认知、政策和土地利用对沿海农业流域复原力影响的综合分析

• 批准号: 2009185
• 负责人: Ariane Peralta
• 金额: $ 149.99万
• 依托单位: East Carolina University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-03-15 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2009185&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RUI; CNH2; integrative; analysis; perceptions

Intensive agricultural production contributes to nutrient pollution in many of the world’s most economically and ecologically valuable watersheds. While these agricultural practices pollute and threaten downstream waters, they also provide significant economic benefits to landowners, although not necessarily to farmers. Federal, state and local governments have turned to a variety of policies to reduce nutrient pollution but at the same time keep the economic benefits. The merits of these policies are a combination of 1) the program cost, 2) the behavioral responses of farmers and landowners to the policy, and 3) the environmental impacts of land use and management changes that result from each policy. As watersheds experience environmental changes, management strategies and policies that work to reduce nutrient pollution today may not be as effective in the future. This study will advance knowledge on the dynamics of socio-environmental systems by 1) describing how environmental and human systems function and interact, 2) developing behavioral models of farmer responses to agricultural policy, and 3) assessing agricultural management impacts on ecosystem services (for example, clean water and flood protection) under current conditions and future sea level scenarios. The models to be developed will simulate how field-level changes in land use and management could translate to watershed-level changes in nutrient pollution. We will use environmental laboratory experiments to measure whether the intrusion of saltwater predicted with sea level rise alters the effectiveness of biological processes at reducing nutrient pollution. The human systems approach, through the use of surveys and economics laboratory experiments, will quantify how different policies alter land use (for example, switching from agriculture to fallow land), how incentive programs can reduce voluntary best management practices, and how highly visible changes to environmental quality (for example, algal blooms) change perceptions about land management decisions and ecosystem health (for the farmer, community, or general public). This study addresses how environmental change (that is, salinization and sea level rise) modifies nutrient pollution in ways that shape human decisions on managing agricultural systems. This work also examines how decisions that support sustainable agriculture will ensure that rural regional economies support a diverse population and promote healthy ecosystems. This work seeks to benefit society through classroom content that focus on integrated socio-environmental systems across K12, undergraduate and graduate school levels. This work also supports “Community Learning Exchanges”, a program in which students, teachers, families, and community members engage in educational activities and conversations surrounding the project. This project will enhance diversity and training of a workforce to participate in team science across disciplinary boundaries, which can address challenging socio-environmental issues.Nutrient pollution associated with agricultural production is a persistent issue in many of the world’s most economically and ecologically valuable watersheds. Many agricultural practices that threaten ecosystem health persist because they deliver economic benefits to landowners. Recognizing this, governments have considered or implemented diverse policies to preserve ecosystem health. However, the relative merits of these policies depend upon 1) program cost, 2) the behavioral responses of farmers to the policy, and 3) the ecological impacts of land use and management changes that result from the policy. Furthermore, human behavioral responses are not static, but can change as a changing watershed influences both their economic opportunities and their perceptions of these issues. A changing environment means that what works to reduce nutrient pollution today may not be as effective in the future. An approach that links both environmental and social sciences in a way that emphasizes the strengths of each is needed. The proposed environmental system model will simulate how field-level changes in land use and management will translate to watershed-level changes in water quality. The environmental laboratory experiments will indicate whether the intrusion of saltwater predicted with sea level rise will alter the effectiveness of biological processes at reducing nutrient pollution. The human systems approach, through the analysis of surveys and economics laboratory experiments, will model how different policies alter land use, how incentive programs can crowd out voluntary best management practices, and how highly visible changes to ecosystem quality (e.g., harmful algal blooms) change perceptions of ecosystem health (for the farmer, community, general public) and land management decisions. This proposal addresses how environmental change (i.e., salinization and sea level rise) modifies nutrient cycling in ways that could shape human decisions on managing the food-water nexus. The proposed work will advance understanding of (i) how external drivers (e.g. policies and environmental change) influence land use decisions; (ii) which land use decisions will mitigate negative ecosystem impacts now and in the future; and (iii) how management and policy decisions influence socio-environmental outcomes. This examination will result in a deeper understanding of how ecosystem outcomes can be sustainably improved in the face of changing markets, environment, and policies. The development of an integrated socio-environmental model will inform the policies that promote best management practice adoption, both today and in the face of future sea-level rise scenarios. This proposal examines how decisions that support sustainable agriculture will ensure that rural regional economies continue to support a diverse population. This work will provide evidence in support of policies that promote healthy ecosystems and benefit individuals across every socio-economic status. The human system model will allow for heterogeneity in preferences and decision making based on demographics, which will make the model easier to adapt to other watersheds and thus lead to more generalizable findings. This project will also provide students with real data to interpret the impact of land use and management on coastal watershed health. Data analysis problems will be developed for public school students in grades 3-8 and teacher training will be provided to enhance adoption of classroom materials. Project results will be used as teaching material in lectures and problem sets to teach the dynamics of integrated socio-environmental systems in existing disciplinary and new interdisciplinary courses at undergraduate and graduate levels. Last, the team will conduct Community Learning Exchanges in which students, teachers, families, and community members engage in educational activities and conversations surrounding the project findings.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

集约化农业生产造成了世界上许多最具经济和生态价值的流域的营养污染。虽然这些农业做法污染和威胁下游水域，但它们也为土地所有者提供了巨大的经济利益，尽管不一定对农民有利。联邦、州和地方政府已经采取了各种各样的政策来减少营养污染，同时保持经济效益。这些政策的优点是1)项目成本，2)农民和土地所有者对政策的行为反应，以及3)每项政策导致的土地使用和管理变化对环境的影响的组合。随着流域环境的变化，今天致力于减少营养物污染的管理战略和政策在未来可能不会那么有效。本研究将通过以下途径推进社会环境系统动力学方面的知识：1)描述环境和人类系统如何发挥作用和相互作用；2)发展农民对农业政策反应的行为模型；3)在当前条件和未来海平面情景下评估农业管理对生态系统服务（例如，清洁水和防洪）的影响。将要开发的模型将模拟土地利用和管理的田间变化如何转化为流域养分污染的变化。我们将使用环境实验室实验来测量海平面上升预测的盐水入侵是否会改变生物过程在减少营养物污染方面的有效性。人类系统方法，通过使用调查和经济学实验室实验，将量化不同的政策如何改变土地利用（例如，从农业转向休耕地），激励计划如何减少自愿的最佳管理实践，以及环境质量的明显变化（例如，藻华）如何改变对土地管理决策和生态系统健康的看法（对于农民，社区或公众）。这项研究探讨了环境变化（即盐碱化和海平面上升）如何以影响人类管理农业系统决策的方式改变营养污染。这项工作还研究了支持可持续农业的决策将如何确保农村区域经济支持多样化人口并促进健康的生态系统。这项工作旨在通过课堂内容来造福社会，这些内容侧重于K12、本科和研究生阶段的综合社会环境系统。这项工作还支持“社区学习交流”项目，该项目让学生、教师、家庭和社区成员围绕该项目参与教育活动和对话。该项目将加强多元化和培训劳动力，以参与跨学科的团队科学，这可以解决具有挑战性的社会环境问题。在世界上许多最具经济和生态价值的流域，与农业生产有关的营养物污染是一个持续存在的问题。许多威胁生态系统健康的农业做法持续存在，因为它们给土地所有者带来了经济利益。认识到这一点，各国政府已考虑或实施各种政策来保护生态系统的健康。然而，这些政策的相对优点取决于1)项目成本，2)农民对政策的行为反应，以及3)政策导致的土地利用和管理变化的生态影响。此外，人类的行为反应不是一成不变的，而是会随着分水岭的变化而变化，影响他们的经济机会和他们对这些问题的看法。不断变化的环境意味着，今天有效减少营养污染的方法在未来可能不会那么有效。需要一种将环境科学和社会科学联系起来的方法，以一种强调各自优势的方式。拟议的环境系统模型将模拟土地利用和管理的田间水平变化如何转化为流域水质的变化。环境实验室实验将表明，海平面上升所预测的海水入侵是否会改变生物过程在减少营养物污染方面的有效性。人类系统方法，通过对调查和经济学实验室实验的分析，将模拟不同的政策如何改变土地利用，激励计划如何排挤自愿的最佳管理实践，以及生态系统质量的明显变化（例如有害藻华）如何改变对生态系统健康的看法（对农民，社区，公众）和土地管理决策。这一建议解决了环境变化（即盐碱化和海平面上升）如何改变营养循环，从而影响人类管理食物-水关系的决策。拟议的工作将促进对以下方面的理解：(i)外部驱动因素（如政策和环境变化）如何影响土地使用决策；（ii）哪些土地使用决定会减轻现时及将来对生态系统的负面影响；（三）管理和政策决定如何影响社会环境结果。这项研究将使我们更深入地了解，面对不断变化的市场、环境和政策，如何可持续地改善生态系统的结果。综合社会环境模式的发展将为促进采用最佳管理做法的政策提供信息，无论是在今天还是面对未来海平面上升的情况。本提案探讨了支持可持续农业的决策将如何确保农村区域经济继续支持多样化的人口。这项工作将提供证据，支持促进健康生态系统并使所有社会经济地位的个人受益的政策。人类系统模型将允许基于人口统计的偏好和决策的异质性，这将使模型更容易适应其他流域，从而产生更普遍的发现。该项目还将为学生提供真实数据，以解释土地利用和管理对沿海流域健康的影响。将为公立学校3-8年级的学生开发数据分析问题，并为教师提供培训，以提高课堂材料的采用率。项目结果将用作讲座和问题集的教材，在本科和研究生阶段的现有学科和新的跨学科课程中教授综合社会环境系统的动态。最后，团队将开展社区学习交流，让学生、教师、家庭和社区成员围绕项目成果开展教育活动和对话。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。