Collaborative Research: Pushing the Boundaries of Post-Rosetta Cometary Science with the New Generation of Near-Infrared Spectrographs

合作研究：利用新一代近红外光谱仪突破罗塞塔后彗星科学的界限

• 批准号: 2009398
• 负责人: Boncho Bonev
• 金额: $ 34.76万
• 依托单位: American University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2009398&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Pushing; Boundaries; Post

Comets are thought to be primordial building blocks of the solar system. However, most comets have undergone some alteration since the solar system was formed. This team will study volatile molecules trapped in the cometary ice since their formation. By observing comets with varying degrees of exposure to the Sun, they can determine how much alteration each comet has undergone. They will compare new observations from ground-based telescopes with results from two recent space missions. They will mentor graduate students through every phase of the work. They will conduct not only teacher training in cometary science, but also leverage an adult education program through American University to provide life-long learning on comets and Solar System formation. The results of this work should give a fuller picture for the original composition of comets in our Solar System, and therefore of our origins.The team will collect high resolution infrared spectroscopic observations of Jupiter-family comets as well as Oort Cloud comets to determine the relative abundances of a series of volatile compounds that should exist in comets only as parent species, or species that accreted as ices during the comet’s original formation. Instruments to be used will include the NIRSPEC-2 spectrometer on the Keck Observatory and the iSHELL instrument on the IRTF, and the team will examine archived data as well. ‘Ground truth’ for the observations will be provided by making observations of comets 67P/ Churyumov–Gerasimenko, visited by the Rosetta mission, and 103P/Hartley 2, visited by the EPOXI mission. The overall objective of the work is to examine compositional differences in primordial ices between Jupiter-family comets, which have seen extensive alteration due to their repeated exposure to intense sunlight in the Inner Solar System, and Oort Cloud comets, which have never been exposed to intense sunlight, and therefore should be more indicative of the solar system’s original composition. The team will collect multiple observations of each target to minimize the effects of ‘snapshot bias,’ which can lead to inaccurate composition determinations because of a limited number of solar phase angles in the ensemble of observations.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

彗星被认为是太阳系的原始组成部分。然而，自太阳系形成以来，大多数彗星都经历了一些变化。这个小组将研究彗星冰形成以来被困在其中的挥发性分子。通过观察不同程度暴露于太阳的彗星，他们可以确定每颗彗星经历了多少变化。他们将把地面望远镜的新观测结果与最近两次太空任务的结果进行比较。他们将指导研究生通过工作的每一个阶段。他们不仅将进行彗星科学方面的教师培训，还将通过美国大学开展成人教育计划，提供有关彗星和太阳系形成的终身学习。这项工作的结果应该可以更全面地了解太阳系中彗星的原始组成，从而了解我们的起源。该小组将收集彗星家族彗星以及奥尔特云彗星的高分辨率红外光谱观测，以确定一系列挥发性化合物的相对丰度，这些化合物应该只存在于彗星中作为母体物种，或者说是彗星最初形成时以冰的形式生长的物种。将使用的仪器包括凯克天文台的NIRSPEC-2光谱仪和IRTF的iSHELL仪器，该小组还将检查存档数据。观测的“地面实况”将通过观测罗塞塔使命访问的67 P/丘留莫夫-格拉西缅科彗星和EPOXI使命访问的103 P/哈特利2彗星来提供。这项工作的总体目标是研究彗星族彗星和奥尔特云彗星之间原始冰的成分差异，前者由于在太阳系内反复暴露于强烈的阳光下而发生了广泛的变化，后者从未暴露于强烈的阳光下，因此应该更能表明太阳系的原始成分。该团队将收集每个目标的多个观测结果，以最大限度地减少“快照偏差”的影响。由于观测集合中太阳相位角的数量有限，快照偏差可能导致成分测定不准确。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

First Comet Observations with NIRSPEC-2 at Keck: Outgassing Sources of Parent Volatiles and Abundances Based on Alternative Taxonomic Compositional Baselines in 46P/Wirtanen

• DOI: 10.3847/psj/abd03c
• 发表时间: 2021-04
• 期刊: The Planetary Science Journal
• 作者: B. Bonev;N. Dello Russo;M. DiSanti;E. Martin;G. Doppmann;R. Vervack;G. Villanueva;H. Kawakita;E. Gibb;M. Combi;N. Roth;M. Saki;A. McKay;M. Cordiner;D. Bodewits;J. Crovisier;N. Biver;A. Cochran;Y. Shou;Y. Khan;K. Venkataramani

Chemical Composition of Outbursting Comet C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)

爆发彗星 C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS) 的化学成分

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/abfcbd
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Astronomical Journal
• 作者: Saki, Mohammad;Gibb, Erika L.;Bonev, Boncho P.;Roth, Nathan X.;DiSanti, Michael A.;Khan, Younas;Dello Russo, Neil;Vervack Jr., Ronald J.;McKay, Adam J.;Kawakita, Hideyo
• 通讯作者: Kawakita, Hideyo

Testing Short-term Variability and Sampling of Primary Volatiles in Comet 46P/Wirtanen

测试 46P/Wirtanen 彗星的短期变化和初级挥发物采样

• DOI: 10.3847/psj/abc95c
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Planetary Science Journal
• 作者: Khan, Younas;Gibb, Erika L.;Bonev, Boncho P.;Roth, Nathan X.;Saki, Mohammad;DiSanti, Michael A.;Russo, Neil Dello;Vervack, Ronald J.;McKay, Adam J.;Combi, Michael R.
• 通讯作者: Combi, Michael R.

Volatile Composition and Outgassing in C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto): Extending Limits for High-resolution Infrared Cometary Spectroscopy between 2.8 and 5.0 μm

C/2018 Y1 中的挥发性成分和放气（Iwamoto）：将高分辨率红外彗星光谱的限制扩展到 2.8 至 5.0 μm 之间

• DOI: 10.3847/psj/ac07ae
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Planetary Science Journal
• 作者: DiSanti, Michael A.;Bonev, Boncho P.;Dello Russo, Neil;McKay, Adam J.;Roth, Nathan X.;Saki, Mohammad;Gibb, Erika L.;Vervack Jr., Ronald J.;Khan, Younas;Kawakita, Hideyo
• 通讯作者: Kawakita, Hideyo

Comprehensive Study of the Chemical Composition and Spatial Outgassing Behavior of Hyperactive Comet 46P/Wirtanen Using Near-IR Spectroscopy during its Historic 2018 Apparition

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/acc074
• 发表时间: 2023-05
• 期刊: The Astronomical Journal
• 作者: Y. Khan;E. Gibb;N. Roth;M. DiSanti;N. Dello Russo;B. Bonev;C. Ejeta;M. Saki;R. Vervack;A. McKay;H. Kawakita;M. Combi;D. Qasim;Y. Shou