Collaborative Research: Pushing the Boundaries of Post-Rosetta Cometary Science with the New Generation of Near-Infrared Spectrographs

合作研究：利用新一代近红外光谱仪突破罗塞塔后彗星科学的界限

• 批准号: 2009910
• 负责人: Erika Gibb
• 金额: $ 19.39万
• 依托单位: University of Missouri-Saint Louis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2009910&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Pushing; Boundaries; Post

Comets are thought to be primordial building blocks of the solar system. However, most comets have undergone some alteration since the solar system was formed. This team will study volatile molecules trapped in the cometary ice since their formation. By observing comets with varying degrees of exposure to the Sun, they can determine how much alteration each comet has undergone. They will compare new observations from ground-based telescopes with results from two recent space missions. They will mentor graduate students through every phase of the work. They will conduct not only teacher training in cometary science, but also leverage an adult education program through American University to provide life-long learning on comets and Solar System formation. The results of this work should give a fuller picture for the original composition of comets in our Solar System, and therefore of our origins.The team will collect high resolution infrared spectroscopic observations of Jupiter-family comets as well as Oort Cloud comets to determine the relative abundances of a series of volatile compounds that should exist in comets only as parent species, or species that accreted as ices during the comet’s original formation. Instruments to be used will include the NIRSPEC-2 spectrometer on the Keck Observatory and the iSHELL instrument on the IRTF, and the team will examine archived data as well. ‘Ground truth’ for the observations will be provided by making observations of comets 67P/ Churyumov–Gerasimenko, visited by the Rosetta mission, and 103P/Hartley 2, visited by the EPOXI mission. The overall objective of the work is to examine compositional differences in primordial ices between Jupiter-family comets, which have seen extensive alteration due to their repeated exposure to intense sunlight in the Inner Solar System, and Oort Cloud comets, which have never been exposed to intense sunlight, and therefore should be more indicative of the solar system’s original composition. The team will collect multiple observations of each target to minimize the effects of ‘snapshot bias,’ which can lead to inaccurate composition determinations because of a limited number of solar phase angles in the ensemble of observations.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

彗星被认为是太阳系的原始构件。然而，自从太阳系形成以来，大多数彗星都经历了一些变化。这个团队将研究自彗星冰形成以来困在其中的挥发性分子。通过观察不同程度暴露在太阳下的彗星，他们可以确定每颗彗星经历了多大程度的变化。他们将把地面望远镜的新观测结果与最近两次太空任务的结果进行比较。他们将在工作的每个阶段指导研究生。他们不仅将进行彗星科学方面的教师培训，还将利用美国大学的成人教育计划，提供关于彗星和太阳系形成的终身学习。这项工作的结果应该会给出我们太阳系彗星的原始组成以及我们的起源的更全面的图景。该团队将收集木星家族彗星和奥尔特云彗星的高分辨率红外光谱观测，以确定一系列挥发性化合物的相对丰度，这些化合物应该只作为母体存在于彗星中，或者是在彗星原始形成期间以冰的形式凝聚的物种。将使用的仪器包括凯克天文台的NIRSpec-2光谱仪和IRTF上的ISHELL仪器，该小组还将检查存档的数据。通过观测Rosetta任务访问的67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko彗星和EPOXI任务访问的103P/Hartley 2彗星，将提供观测的“周围真相”。这项工作的总体目标是检查木星家族彗星和奥尔特云彗星之间的原始冰层成分差异，前者由于反复暴露在太阳系内强烈的阳光下而发生了广泛的变化，后者从未暴露在强烈的阳光下，因此应该更能表明太阳系的原始组成。该团队将收集每个目标的多个观测数据，以最大限度地减少“快照偏差”的影响，“快照偏差”可能导致成分确定不准确，因为观测集合中的太阳相角数量有限。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

First Comet Observations with NIRSPEC-2 at Keck: Outgassing Sources of Parent Volatiles and Abundances Based on Alternative Taxonomic Compositional Baselines in 46P/Wirtanen

• DOI: 10.3847/psj/abd03c
• 发表时间: 2021-04
• 期刊: The Planetary Science Journal
• 作者: B. Bonev;N. Dello Russo;M. DiSanti;E. Martin;G. Doppmann;R. Vervack;G. Villanueva;H. Kawakita;E. Gibb;M. Combi;N. Roth;M. Saki;A. McKay;M. Cordiner;D. Bodewits;J. Crovisier;N. Biver;A. Cochran;Y. Shou;Y. Khan;K. Venkataramani

Comets in Context: Comparing Comet Compositions with Protosolar Nebula Models

背景中的彗星：比较彗星成分与原太阳星云模型

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac67e3
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Willacy, Karen;Turner, Neal;Bonev, Boncho;Gibb, Erika;Dello Russo, Neil;DiSanti, Michael;Vervack Jr., Ronald J.;Roth, Nathan X.
• 通讯作者: Roth, Nathan X.

Chemical Composition of Outbursting Comet C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)

爆发彗星 C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS) 的化学成分

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/abfcbd
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Astronomical Journal
• 作者: Saki, Mohammad;Gibb, Erika L.;Bonev, Boncho P.;Roth, Nathan X.;DiSanti, Michael A.;Khan, Younas;Dello Russo, Neil;Vervack Jr., Ronald J.;McKay, Adam J.;Kawakita, Hideyo
• 通讯作者: Kawakita, Hideyo

Testing Short-term Variability and Sampling of Primary Volatiles in Comet 46P/Wirtanen

测试 46P/Wirtanen 彗星的短期变化和初级挥发物采样

• DOI: 10.3847/psj/abc95c
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Planetary Science Journal
• 作者: Khan, Younas;Gibb, Erika L.;Bonev, Boncho P.;Roth, Nathan X.;Saki, Mohammad;DiSanti, Michael A.;Russo, Neil Dello;Vervack, Ronald J.;McKay, Adam J.;Combi, Michael R.
• 通讯作者: Combi, Michael R.

Volatile Composition and Outgassing in C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto): Extending Limits for High-resolution Infrared Cometary Spectroscopy between 2.8 and 5.0 μm

C/2018 Y1 中的挥发性成分和放气（Iwamoto）：将高分辨率红外彗星光谱的限制扩展到 2.8 至 5.0 μm 之间

• DOI: 10.3847/psj/ac07ae
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Planetary Science Journal
• 作者: DiSanti, Michael A.;Bonev, Boncho P.;Dello Russo, Neil;McKay, Adam J.;Roth, Nathan X.;Saki, Mohammad;Gibb, Erika L.;Vervack Jr., Ronald J.;Khan, Younas;Kawakita, Hideyo
• 通讯作者: Kawakita, Hideyo