Collaborative Research: Pushing the Boundaries of Post-Rosetta Cometary Science with the New Generation of Near-Infrared Spectrographs

合作研究：利用新一代近红外光谱仪突破罗塞塔后彗星科学的界限

• 批准号: 2009910
• 负责人: Erika Gibb
• 金额: $ 19.39万
• 依托单位: University of Missouri-Saint Louis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2009910&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Pushing; Boundaries; Post

Comets are thought to be primordial building blocks of the solar system. However, most comets have undergone some alteration since the solar system was formed. This team will study volatile molecules trapped in the cometary ice since their formation. By observing comets with varying degrees of exposure to the Sun, they can determine how much alteration each comet has undergone. They will compare new observations from ground-based telescopes with results from two recent space missions. They will mentor graduate students through every phase of the work. They will conduct not only teacher training in cometary science, but also leverage an adult education program through American University to provide life-long learning on comets and Solar System formation. The results of this work should give a fuller picture for the original composition of comets in our Solar System, and therefore of our origins.The team will collect high resolution infrared spectroscopic observations of Jupiter-family comets as well as Oort Cloud comets to determine the relative abundances of a series of volatile compounds that should exist in comets only as parent species, or species that accreted as ices during the comet’s original formation. Instruments to be used will include the NIRSPEC-2 spectrometer on the Keck Observatory and the iSHELL instrument on the IRTF, and the team will examine archived data as well. ‘Ground truth’ for the observations will be provided by making observations of comets 67P/ Churyumov–Gerasimenko, visited by the Rosetta mission, and 103P/Hartley 2, visited by the EPOXI mission. The overall objective of the work is to examine compositional differences in primordial ices between Jupiter-family comets, which have seen extensive alteration due to their repeated exposure to intense sunlight in the Inner Solar System, and Oort Cloud comets, which have never been exposed to intense sunlight, and therefore should be more indicative of the solar system’s original composition. The team will collect multiple observations of each target to minimize the effects of ‘snapshot bias,’ which can lead to inaccurate composition determinations because of a limited number of solar phase angles in the ensemble of observations.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

彗星被认为是太阳系的原始构件。但是，自从太阳系形成以来，大多数彗星都有合理的改变。该团队将研究自成立以来被困在彗星冰中的挥发性分子。通过观察彗星在暴露于太阳的程度不同的情况下，他们可以确定每个彗星在地下有多少变化。他们将比较地面望远镜的新观察结果与最近两个太空任务的结果。他们将在工作的每个阶段进行精神学生的学生。他们不仅将在彗星科学领域进行教师培训，还将利用美国大学的成人教育计划来提供关于彗星和太阳系组的终身学习。这项工作的结果应为我们的太阳系中的彗星的原始组成以及我们的起源提供更全面的图景。该团队将收集高分辨率的红外光谱观测，对木星家庭彗星以及Oort云彗星以及Oort云彗星的oort云彗星，以确定一系列挥发性化合物的相对丰富性，这些挥发性化合物仅作为comets of Compent of Compers of Compect of Compects of Compect of Compects of Compects of Compects of Compects of Compect of Compect of Compects Intect of Compect of Compects Inters Intect。要使用的仪器将包括Keck天文台上的NIRSPEC-2光谱仪和IRTF上的Ishell仪器，并且团队还将检查存档数据。通过观察Rosetta Mission访问的67p/ Churyumov -Gerasimenko彗星和103p/ Hartley 2，将对观察结果进行“地面真相”。这项工作的总体目的是检查木星家庭彗星之间原始冰的组成差异，由于它们在内部太阳系中反复暴露于强烈的阳光，而Oort云彗星从未暴露于强烈的阳光，因此应更像太阳系的原始组合。该团队将收集每个目标的多个观察结果，以最大程度地减少“快照偏见”的影响，这可能导致不准确的组成决定，因为观察集合中的太阳相角有限，这奖反映了NSF的法规使命，并认为通过基金会的知识效果和广泛的范围进行评估，这是值得通过评估来进行评估的。

项目成果

First Comet Observations with NIRSPEC-2 at Keck: Outgassing Sources of Parent Volatiles and Abundances Based on Alternative Taxonomic Compositional Baselines in 46P/Wirtanen

• DOI: 10.3847/psj/abd03c
• 发表时间: 2021-04
• 期刊: The Planetary Science Journal
• 作者: B. Bonev;N. Dello Russo;M. DiSanti;E. Martin;G. Doppmann;R. Vervack;G. Villanueva;H. Kawakita;E. Gibb;M. Combi;N. Roth;M. Saki;A. McKay;M. Cordiner;D. Bodewits;J. Crovisier;N. Biver;A. Cochran;Y. Shou;Y. Khan;K. Venkataramani

Comets in Context: Comparing Comet Compositions with Protosolar Nebula Models

背景中的彗星：比较彗星成分与原太阳星云模型

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac67e3
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Willacy, Karen;Turner, Neal;Bonev, Boncho;Gibb, Erika;Dello Russo, Neil;DiSanti, Michael;Vervack Jr., Ronald J.;Roth, Nathan X.
• 通讯作者: Roth, Nathan X.

Chemical Composition of Outbursting Comet C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)

爆发彗星 C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS) 的化学成分

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/abfcbd
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Astronomical Journal
• 作者: Saki, Mohammad;Gibb, Erika L.;Bonev, Boncho P.;Roth, Nathan X.;DiSanti, Michael A.;Khan, Younas;Dello Russo, Neil;Vervack Jr., Ronald J.;McKay, Adam J.;Kawakita, Hideyo
• 通讯作者: Kawakita, Hideyo

Testing Short-term Variability and Sampling of Primary Volatiles in Comet 46P/Wirtanen

测试 46P/Wirtanen 彗星的短期变化和初级挥发物采样

• DOI: 10.3847/psj/abc95c
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Planetary Science Journal
• 作者: Khan, Younas;Gibb, Erika L.;Bonev, Boncho P.;Roth, Nathan X.;Saki, Mohammad;DiSanti, Michael A.;Russo, Neil Dello;Vervack, Ronald J.;McKay, Adam J.;Combi, Michael R.
• 通讯作者: Combi, Michael R.

Comprehensive Study of the Chemical Composition and Spatial Outgassing Behavior of Hyperactive Comet 46P/Wirtanen Using Near-IR Spectroscopy during its Historic 2018 Apparition

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/acc074
• 发表时间: 2023-05
• 期刊: The Astronomical Journal
• 作者: Y. Khan;E. Gibb;N. Roth;M. DiSanti;N. Dello Russo;B. Bonev;C. Ejeta;M. Saki;R. Vervack;A. McKay;H. Kawakita;M. Combi;D. Qasim;Y. Shou