Collaborative Research: LSC Center for Coatings Research

合作研究：LSC 涂料研究中心

基本信息

批准号：
2011706
负责人：
Martin Fejer
金额：
$ 25.36万
依托单位：
Stanford University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-09-15 至 2023-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2011706&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research LSC Center Coatings

项目摘要

The detections of gravitational waves from coalescing black holes in 2015 launched the field of gravitational wave astronomy. The NSF-funded “A+” upgrade to Advanced LIGO is designed to achieve an order of magnitude increase in detection rate for black hole coalescences, and enable detection of fainter objects like binary neutron stars, greatly increasing their value for multi-messenger astronomy. The A+ upgrade and all 3rd generation detector designs depend on the development of mirrors with low coating thermal noise. The coating thermal noise is reduced, primarily, by lowering the mechanical (elastic) loss of the mirror materials. The core research focus of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC) Center for Coatings Research (CCR) is the development of mirror coatings with low mechanical and optical losses for use in A+ and 3rd generation detectors. The research mission of the CCR includes: understanding and reducing mechanical loss in amorphous metal-oxides, the most widely-used materials in mirror coatings; and developing and testing crystalline (AlGaAs) coatings, which have demonstrated low losses for small mirrors. On a longer time-scale, the CCR is developing mirrors compatible with the proposed 3G detectors’ cryogenic operation. The residual noise visible in the time-domain gravitational waveforms of black hole mergers first recorded by Advanced LIGO is mostly due to quantum noise of the light and thermal noise due to the mirror coatings. Since that first discovery much progress has been made in reducing quantum noise and the coupling from seismic, scatter and jitter noise, leaving coating thermal noise as the dominant barrier limiting gravitational-wave astronomy in the most sensitive observation band. Reducing this noise source for future generations of detectors requires reducing the mechanical dissipation in the mirror coatings on the test masses, and forms the main goal of the CCR. The CCR combines groups working on computational modeling, coating deposition, and characterization of atomic structure and macroscopic material properties. These components are often performed by four diverse communities that work in relative isolation from each other. The strength of the CCR and its promise of accelerating discoveries arises from close integration of these communities focused on a unified research goal. In its first two years of operation, research in the CCR has identified different structural motifs associated with room-temperature vs cryogenic mechanical losses, which led to synthesis of germania (GeO2) films giving rise to the lowest-loss amorphous oxide film other than silica. Going forward, this structural guide will serve as a paradigm informing the development of high-refractive index amorphous coatings with lower elastic loss. In addition, thermo-optically-optimized AlGaAs crystalline coatings have demonstrated a coating thermal noise well below the requirements for A+, and the CCR has generated a development schedule to scale up these coatings to LIGO mirror sizes and will continue investigations into these materials. Other research paths include: exploring deposition techniques to produce “ultrastable glasses” using amorphous metal-oxides; and stabilizing amorphous coatings against crystallization in order to allow elastic loss reduction via high temperature annealing either with nano-layering or with different doping materials.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

2015年，黑洞聚集的引力波的检测引发了引力波天文学领域。由NSF资助的“ A+”升级到高级LIGO旨在实现黑洞融合的检测率提高的数量级，并能够检测出二进制中子星（例如二进制中子星）的故障对象，从而大大提高了它们对多货物grastonomentome的价值。 A+升级和所有第三代探测器设计取决于涂层热噪声低的镜子的发展。涂层的热噪声主要通过降低镜像的机械（弹性）损失来减少。 LIGO科学合作（LSC）涂料研究中心（CCR）的核心研究重点是开发具有低机械和光学损失的镜像，用于A+和第三代探测器。 CCR的研究任务包括：理解和减少无定形金属氧化物的机械损失，这是镜涂层中使用最广泛的材料；以及开发和测试晶体（Algaas）涂层，这些涂层显示出小镜子的损失较低。在更长的时间尺度上，CCR正在开发与拟议的3G检测器的低温操作兼容的镜子。首先由晚期LIGO记录的黑洞合并的时域重力波形可见的残余噪声主要是由于镜像涂层引起的光和热噪声的量子噪声。自从第一个发现以来，在减少量子噪声和地震，散射和抖动噪声的耦合方面取得了很大进展，将涂层的热噪声留作最敏感的观察带中的主要屏障限制了重力波天文学。减少未来探测器的噪声源需要减少测试质量镜涂层中的机械耗散，并构成CCR的主要目标。 CCR结合了从事计算建模，涂料沉积和原子结构和宏观材料特性表征的组。这些组成部分通常是由四个潜水员社区进行的，它们相互隔离。 CCR的力量及其加速发现的承诺源于这些社区的密切整合，这些社区的重点集中在统一的研究目标上。在运营的前两年中，CCR的研究确定了与室温与低温机械损失相关的不同结构基序，这导致了日耳曼膜（GEO2）膜的合成，从而产生了比硅胶以外的最低寿命的无定形氧化物膜。展望未来，该结构指南将作为一个范式，告知高反向指数的无定形涂层的发展，并且弹性损失较低。此外，热优化的藻类晶体涂层表现出低于A+需求的涂料热噪声，并且CCR制定了开发计划，以扩大这些涂层为LIGO镜子的尺寸，并将继续对这些材料进行投资。其他研究路径包括：探索沉积技术，使用无定形金属氧化物生产“超高玻璃”；并稳定反对结晶的无定形涂层，以便通过纳米层或不同掺杂材料进行高温退火来减少弹性损失。这项奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准来通过评估来诚实地支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（4）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Annealing‐Induced Changes in the Atomic Structure of Amorphous Silica, Germania, and Tantala Using Accelerated Molecular Dynamics

退火——利用加速分子动力学引起无定形二氧化硅、二氧化锗和钽原子结构的变化

DOI：
10.1002/pssb.202000519
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
physica status solidi (b
影响因子：
0
作者：
Prasai, Kiran;Bassiri, Riccardo;Cheng, Hai-Ping;Fejer, Martin M.
通讯作者：
Fejer, Martin M.

Low Mechanical Loss TiO2:GeO2 Coatings for Reduced Thermal Noise in Gravitational Wave Interferometers

低机械损耗 TiO2:GeO2 涂层可降低引力波干涉仪中的热噪声

DOI：
10.1103/physrevlett.127.071101
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
Physical Review Letters
影响因子：
8.6
作者：
Vajente, Gabriele;Yang, Le;Davenport, Aaron;Fazio, Mariana;Ananyeva, Alena;Zhang, Liyuan;Billingsley, Garilynn;Prasai, Kiran;Markosyan, Ashot;Bassiri, Riccardo
通讯作者：
Bassiri, Riccardo

Cryogenic mechanical loss of amorphous germania and titania-doped germania thin films

非晶氧化锆和二氧化钛掺杂氧化锆薄膜的低温机械损失

DOI：
10.1088/1361-6382/acf2dd
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
Classical and Quantum Gravity
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Khadka, S;Markosyan, A;Prasai, K;Dana, A;Yang, L;Tait, S C;Martin, I W;Menoni, C S;Fejer, M M;Bassiri, R
通讯作者：
Bassiri, R

Glass transition temperatures of binary oxides from ab initio simulations

从头算模拟得到的二元氧化物的玻璃化转变温度