Reception and production of scientific information in Wikipedia: The influence of hindsight bias and social categorization

当外行人在互联网上搜索信息时，他们经常会遇到各种各样的科学发现，这些发现往往是不一致的，因此给接受者带来了挑战。我们提出两个过程--事后偏见和社会分类--促进了相互冲突的证据的处理。后见之明，人们关注的是结果一致的信息，而社会分类导致了对与个人态度(以及个人所在群体)一致的信息的偏好，以及态度不一致信息的退化。然而，随着Web 2.0的发展，用户不仅可以在Web上阅读科学信息，还可以在Web上产生与科学相关的信息。因此，我们建议对网络内容的作者同样应该遵守这两个过程。该项目的目的是调查在线百科全书维基百科的接受者和制作者是否可以观察到事后诸葛亮的偏见和社会分类。此外，我们将考察三种策略的有效性，这三种策略可能会减少事后诸葛亮的偏见，以及社会分类的影响。我们期望这一结果能够补充先前关于接受相互冲突的科学证据的发现，并进一步加深我们对个人和集体信息加工之间关系的理论理解。

When laypersons search the Internet for information they are frequently confronted with a variety of scientific findings, which are often inconsistent and thus provide a challenge for the recipient. We propose that two processes - the hindsight bias and social categorizations - facilitate the handling of conflicting evidence. While people in hindsight focus on outcome consistent information, social categorizations lead to a preference for information that is consistent with one's attitude (and one's in-group) as well as a degradation of attitude inconsistent information.Since the development of the Web 2.0, however, users may not only read scientific information but also produce science-related information on the Web. Therefore we propose that both processes should likewise be observed for authors of web contents. The aim of the project is to investigate whether a hindsight bias and social categorizations can be observed in recipients as well as pro-ducers of the online encyclopedia Wikipedia. Additionally we will examine the efficacy of three strategies that might reduce the hindsight bias as well as the effects of social categorizations. We expect the results to complement the previous findings regarding the reception of conflicting scien-tific evidence and to further our theoretical understanding of the relationship between individual and collective information processing.