Reception and production of scientific information in Wikipedia: The influence of hindsight bias

当外行人在互联网上搜索信息时，他们经常会遇到各种各样的科学发现，这些发现往往是不一致的，因此给接受者带来了挑战。在第一个项目中，我们提出了后见之明偏差通过关注结果一致的信息来促进相互冲突的证据的处理。我们的发现支持这一观点，无论是对网络内容的接受者还是生产者。然而，维基百科文章中的事后偏见仅限于一种特定类型的事件--灾难。在目前的研究方案中，我们对这一结果模式提出了三种可能的解释，这是本项目的四个主要目标之一，即检验哪种解释可以解释结果。其次，我们的目标是识别我们获得的接受效果的潜在机制：在文章的读者中，后见之明的偏见增加，而不是他们先前的个人(经典的)后见之明偏见。这项研究提案的第三个主要目标是调查在动态修订的背景下出现的接收和制作过程的相互作用，例如在维基百科中。最后但并非最不重要的一点是，该项目的第四个主要目标是研究在网页内容的制作和接收方面针对事后诸葛亮的可能对策。我们将利用实地和实验室研究相结合的方法，以确保我们的发现在外部和内部都是有效的。

When laypersons search the Internet for information they are frequently confronted with a variety of scientific findings, which are often inconsistent and thus provide a challenge for the recipient. In the first project we proposed that hindsight bias facilitates the handling of conflicting evidence by focussing on outcome consistent information. Our findings support this notion both, for recipients as well as for producers of web contents. However, hindsight bias in Wikipedia articles was limited to one particular type of events - disasters. In the present research proposal we suggest three poten-tial explanations for this pattern of results and it is one of the four main goals of this project to test which explanation accounts for the results. Secondly we aim at identifying the underlying mechanisms of the reception effects we obtained: hindsight bias increased in readers of articles that were biased by hindsight above and beyond their prior individual (classic) hindsight bias. The third major goal of this research proposal is to investigate the interplay of reception and production processes that arise in the context of dynamic revisions such as in Wikipedia. Last but not least, the fourth major goal of the project is to examine potential countermeasures against hindsight bias both, in the production and reception of web contents. We will make use of a combination of field and lab studies in order to ensure both, external and internal validity of our findings.