RUI: Hadronic Structure from Spin Observables in pQCD

RUI：pQCD 中自旋可观测值的强子结构

• 批准号: 2011763
• 负责人: Daniel Pitonyak
• 金额: $ 16.49万
• 依托单位: Lebanon Valley College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-08-15 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2011763&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RUI; Hadronic; Structure; Spin; Observables

The nucleus of an atom is made up of protons and neutrons, which are a part of a broader category of particles called hadrons. However, these hadrons are not a fundamental form of matter since they are composed of other particles, namely, quarks and gluons (collectively called partons). The partons form a dynamical system inside of hadrons that is governed by the strong nuclear force. A goal of nuclear physics research is to understand this internal structure through the interactions of these partons, the elementary pieces of visible matter. In particular, the analysis of high-energy collisions sensitive to an intrinsic property, called spin, of hadrons and/or partons is especially useful. These observables allow us to explore the 3-dimensional motion of partons inside of hadrons and how the proton's spin arises from its constituent partons. This research will give us better insight into these aspects of hadronic structure as well as support the science of the future Electron-Ion Collider to be built in the United States. Undergraduate students will be included in substantive parts of the project in order to foster the interests of young scientists in the subfield of nuclear physics and train them for future careers in research. This research project will further our knowledge of observables sensitive to parton intrinsic transverse motion and correlations, which allow for a 3-dimensional imaging of hadrons in momentum space. This includes performing a global analysis of data from various experiments sensitive to the spin of hadrons in order to extract the relevant functions, using an iterative Monte Carlo routine, that encode their internal structure. These functions will then be used to make predictions for upcoming measurements at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), Jefferson Lab's 12-GeV upgrade (JLab-12), and a future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). Since a rigorous theoretical formalism is needed in order to interpret such experimental data, this project will also solidify the framework used in spin observables through higher-order calculations within quantum chromodynamics (QCD). The project will lastly investigate certain aspects of how the proton spin arises from its constituent partons by analyzing how much of this spin is due to partons that carry only a small fraction of the proton's momentum. The study will incorporate first principle results as input to the extraction of partonic functions that can be used to calculate their spin in this region.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

原子核由质子和中子组成，它们是更广泛的粒子类别的一部分，称为强子。 然而，这些强子不是物质的基本形式，因为它们是由其他粒子组成的，即夸克和胶子（统称为部分子）。 部分子在强子内部形成一个动力学系统，由强核力控制。 核物理研究的一个目标是通过这些部分子（可见物质的基本部分）的相互作用来理解这种内部结构。 特别是，对强子和/或部分子的固有性质（称为自旋）敏感的高能碰撞的分析特别有用。 这些观测值使我们能够探索强子内部部分子的三维运动，以及质子的自旋是如何从其组成部分子中产生的。 这项研究将使我们更好地了解强子结构的这些方面，并支持未来在美国建造的电子-离子对撞机的科学。 本科生将参与该项目的实质性部分，以培养年轻科学家对核物理子领域的兴趣，并为他们未来的研究职业进行培训。这个研究项目将进一步加深我们对部分子内禀横向运动和相关性敏感的可观测量的认识，这使得强子在动量空间中的三维成像成为可能。这包括对强子自旋敏感的各种实验数据进行全局分析，以提取相关函数，使用迭代蒙特卡罗程序，编码其内部结构。 这些函数将用于预测相对论重离子对撞机（RHIC），杰斐逊实验室的12-GeV升级（JLab-12）和未来的电子离子对撞机（EIC）即将进行的测量。由于需要严格的理论形式来解释此类实验数据，因此该项目还将通过量子色动力学（QCD）中的高阶计算来巩固自旋可观测量中使用的框架。该项目最后将研究质子自旋如何从其组成部分子产生的某些方面，分析这种自旋有多少是由于部分子只携带质子动量的一小部分。该研究将把第一原理结果作为输入，以提取部分子函数，可用于计算其在该区域的自旋。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

项目成果

The Present and Future of QCD

• DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2024.122874
• 发表时间: 2023-03
• 期刊: Nuclear Physics A
• 影响因子: 1.4
• 作者: P. Achenbach;D. Adhikari;A. Afanasev;F. Afzal;C. Aidala;A. Al-bataineh;D. Almaalol;M. Amaryan

Tomography of pions and protons via transverse momentum dependent distributions

通过横向动量相关分布对介子和质子进行断层扫描

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.108.l091504
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Barry, P. C.;Gamberg, L.;Melnitchouk, W.;Moffat, E.;Pitonyak, D.;Prokudin, A.;Sato, N.
• 通讯作者: Sato, N.

Number Density Interpretation of Dihadron Fragmentation Functions

双强子碎裂函数的数密度解释

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.011902
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Physical Review Letters
• 影响因子: 8.6
• 作者: Pitonyak, D.;Cocuzza, C.;Metz, A.;Prokudin, A.;Sato, N.
• 通讯作者: Sato, N.

Electron-ion collider impact study on the tensor charge of the nucleon

• DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2021.136255
• 发表时间: 2021-01
• 期刊: Physics Letters B
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: L. Gamberg;Z. Kang;D. Pitonyak;A. Prokudin;N. Sato;R. Seidl

Origin of single transverse-spin asymmetries in high-energy collisions

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.102.054002
• 发表时间: 2020-02
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Justin Cammarota;L. Gamberg;Z. Kang;Joshua A. Miller;D. Pitonyak;A. Prokudin;T. Rogers;N. Sato