CTEQ Schools on QCD Analysis and Phenomenology

该奖项为2021年和2022年CTEQ暑期学校提供资金，由密歇根州立大学乔伊·休斯顿教授指导。CTEQ是指“QCD理论与实验协调项目”，是每年组织这些学校的科学合作项目。基本粒子物理学探索物质最深层的结构。量子色动力学（QCD）是一种控制基本粒子之间强相互作用的理论，为了理解基本粒子和核物理学，它在高能下的研究越来越有必要。最近希格斯粒子的发现和对新物理学的强烈探索突显了更好地理解QCD工具的必要性。自1992年以来，26所CTEQ暑期学校在基本粒子和核物理方面发挥了重要作用，促进了QCD的知识及其在电弱精度测量和新物理研究中的应用。这些学院为研究生和博士后研究助理提供的培训和教育超出了其本国机构通常提供的培训和教育。这些学校已经被证明对在不同的对撞机（如美国的Tevatron和德国的HERA）工作的参与者非常有用，现在对在瑞士大型强子对撞机（LHC）工作的学生来说更加重要。迄今为止，已有超过1700名参与者参加了CTEQ学校，美国国家科学基金会的支持使美国的参与者能够参加。这些学院的更广泛的影响是通过参与者对他们的研究背景在基础物理学整体企业中的增强意识而感受到的。学校的互动性鼓励了向更广泛的公众传播这项研究的兴奋和结果所必需的技能。虽然对来自世界各地的参与者开放，但主要的受众是来自美国机构的参与者，这些参与者部分得到了NSF的资助。因此，美国国家科学基金会对这些学院的部分支持符合国家利益，有助于培养一支技术熟练、受过科学训练的美国劳动力，无论是在学术物理领域还是其他领域。事实上，许多参与者后来在学术界工作，事实上，他们最终把自己的学生送到了后来的CTEQ学校。其他参与者也进入了工业或国防领域，但他们都从CTEQ学校接受的培训中受益。更具体地说，每个CTEQ学院通常包括八到九天的讲座和讨论，在此期间，参与者与杰出的专家，包括实验家和理论家密切互动。这种密切的互动是CTEQ学校的标志之一。这些学院每年轮流在匹兹堡大学和一个通常在美国以外的地点之间进行。学校每天有四堂一小时的课，每堂课之间有很长的休息时间用于讨论。每天还包括一个1.5小时的复习课，在此期间，参与者要求讲师对他们演讲的特定方面进行放大。随后是一个非正式的聚会，允许参与者与讲师（以及彼此）进行一对一的互动。通过这种方式，参与者被带到该领域前沿研究的最前沿。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This award provides funding for the 2021 and 2022 CTEQ Summer Schools, under the direction of Professor Joey Huston at Michigan State University. CTEQ refers to the "Coordinated Theoretical-Experimental Project on QCD", which is the scientific collaboration that organizes these Schools each year.The physics of elementary particles probes the deepest structure of matter. Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory that governs the strong interactions between elementary particles, and its study at high energies is increasingly necessary in order to understand both elementary-particle and nuclear physics. The recent discovery of the Higgs particle and the intense search for new physics beyond this highlight the need to better understand the tools of QCD. Since 1992, 26 CTEQ Summer Schools have played an important role in elementary-particle and nuclear physics by promoting the knowledge of QCD and its applications to electroweak precision measurements and to new physics searches. These Schools provide training and education for graduate students and post-doctoral research associates beyond what is typically available at their home institutions. These Schools have proved to be extremely useful for participants working at different colliders such as the Tevatron in the US and at HERA in Germany, and are now even more important for students working at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in Switzerland. Over 1700 participants have attended the CTEQ Schools to date, and NSF support has enabled US-based participants to attend. The broader impact of these Schools is felt though the participants' strengthened awareness of the context of their research within the overall enterprise of fundamental physics. The interactive nature of the Schools encourages the skills necessary for communicating the excitement and the results of this research to the wider public. Although open to participants from around the world, the primary audience consists of participants from institutions in the United States, and it is these participants who are partially supported by the funding from NSF. Partial NSF support for these Schools is thus in the national interest by assisting in the development of a skilled and scientifically trained US-based workforce, whether in academic physics or beyond. Indeed, many of the participants go on to careers in academia, and in fact have ended up sending their own students to a subsequent CTEQ School. Other participants have gone into industry or into defense, but all have benefitted from the training they have received at the CTEQ Schools. More specifically, each CTEQ School typically consists of eight to nine days of lectures and discussion during which participants closely interact with distinguished experts, both experimentalists and theorists. This close interaction is one of the hallmarks of the CTEQ Schools. The Schools alternate each year between the University of Pittsburgh and a site typically outside the United States. Each day of the School consists of four one-hour lectures, with long breaks between each lecture for discussion. Each day also includes a 1.5-hour recitation session during which the participants ask the lecturers to amplify on particular aspects of their presentations. This is followed by an informal gathering that allows the participants to interact with the lecturers (and each other) on a one-to-one basis. In this way the participants are brought to the forefront of cutting-edge research in this field.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.