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Status Differentiation within the Context of Subsistence Change

生存变化背景下的地位分化

基本信息

批准号：
2015924
负责人：
Jose Capriles Flores
金额：
$ 11.82万
依托单位：
Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-08-01 至 2024-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2015924&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Status Differentiation within Context Subsistence

项目摘要

The study of intergenerational wealth transmission as a key component in the development of social inequality constitutes a major advance in recent anthropological theory. Using this body of work, archaeologists have begun to investigate how institutionalized social differentiation became widespread. The research team will reconstruct the social dynamics of foraging communities at the cusp of making the transition to food production, a critical stage for understanding later emergent sociopolitical complexity. Whereas archaeologists have devised various ways to quantify material wealth, this project will contribute bioarchaeological, isotopic, and paleogenomic lines of evidence to approach embodied and relational wealth, thus, providing new approaches to measuring and understanding the multiple dimensions of social and cultural change. Moreover, at a local level and in close collaboration with local institutions and organizations the project will carry out an active outreach program focused on fostering the preservation of cultural heritage and promoting sustainable eco-tourism. By involving research specialists and multiple undergraduate and graduate students this interdisciplinary investigation will provide key insights into how egalitarian mobile hunter-gatherer communities transitioned into increasingly hierarchical sedentary food-producing societies. Institutional mechanisms for facilitating wealth transmission are fundamental for reproducing social inequality leading towards increasing sociopolitical complexity. The project focuses on a period during which many mobile foraging egalitarian communities adopted an increasingly sedentary and institutionally hierarchical lifestyle based on food production. How intergenerational wealth transmission facilitated this process remains an open question. By collecting data about multiple dimensions of wealth from mortuary remains and using multivariate methods, this study will characterize the factors involved in institutionalizing social differentiation among foraging communities. Specifically, material wealth will be assessed by measuring the quality and quantity of burial investment and offerings, embodied wealth by directly examining skeletal indicators of nutrition, stress, and social identity, and relational wealth by analyzing the provenience of the offerings, isotopic signatures of mobility, and within and between group associations using ancient DNA. Finally, these results will be compared using multidimensional scaling and generalized linear models to determine the structure and degree of social differentiation.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

作为社会不平等发展的一个关键组成部分，代际财富传递的研究是最近人类学理论的一大进步。利用这一系列工作，考古学家已经开始调查制度化的社会分化是如何变得普遍的。研究小组将在向粮食生产转型的关键阶段重建觅食社区的社会动态，这是理解后来出现的社会政治复杂性的关键阶段。虽然考古学家已经设计了各种方法来量化物质财富，但这个项目将为生物考古学、同位素和古基因组学提供证据，以接近具体的和关系的财富，从而为衡量和理解社会和文化变化的多个维度提供新的方法。此外，在地方一级，该项目将与当地机构和组织密切合作，开展一项积极的外联方案，重点是促进保护文化遗产和促进可持续生态旅游。通过让研究专家以及多名本科生和研究生参与，这项跨学科的调查将为平等主义的流动狩猎采集社区如何转变为越来越多的等级森严的食物生产社会提供关键见解。促进财富转移的体制机制是重现社会不平等的根本，导致社会政治复杂性增加。该项目关注的是一个时期，在此期间，许多流动觅食的平等主义社区采用了越来越久坐不动的、以食物生产为基础的制度等级生活方式。代际财富传递如何促进这一过程仍是一个悬而未决的问题。通过从停尸房遗骸中收集关于财富的多个维度的数据，并使用多元方法，这项研究将表征在觅食社区之间制度化社会分化所涉及的因素。具体地说，物质财富将通过衡量墓葬投资和祭祀的质量和数量来评估，体现财富通过直接检查营养、压力和社会认同的骨骼指标来评估，关系财富通过分析祭祀的出处、流动性的同位素签名以及使用古代DNA在群体内部和群体之间的联系来评估。最后，这些结果将使用多维标度和广义线性模型进行比较，以确定社会差异的结构和程度。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。