Long Term Development of a Macroeconomy

宏观经济的长期发展

• 批准号: 2015949
• 负责人: Edward Jolie
• 金额: $ 7.36万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-08-01 至 2025-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2015949&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Long; Term; Development; Macroeconomy

In most parts of the world, wide-scale adoption of agricultural practices and associated settlement did not herald the end of mobile hunting and gathering traditions. Foragers persisted for centuries—in some cases, for millennia— alongside farmers, building new political, economic, and social relationships with their more sedentary neighbors. In the North American Southwest, the rise of large farming villages played a key role in stimulating a new fluorescence of bison-hunting traditions on the neighboring Southern Plains, as well as a concomitant intensification of interregional networks of economic exchange, military alliance, intermarriage, and opportunistic raiding. This “Plains-Pueblo macroeconomy,” challenges simple evolutionary storylines about the replacement of foraging with farming, and it redirects our attention towards the adaptive diversity of human lifeways. This project has also been developed in close collaboration with the descendant community at Picuris Pueblo, with plans to feature the results of the research in the Picuris tribal museum. This endeavor is part of an effort to increase cultural heritage tourism at the pueblo and to educate the public about Picuris’ rich history. This project examines the historical development of the Plains-Pueblo macroeconomy. This project seeks to test a specific, two-part hypothesis: namely (1) that the onset of exchange relations with Apachean groups from the Southern Plains triggered the expansion and intensification of agricultural practices and (2) that this agricultural transformation was undertaken to produce maize surpluses that could be traded for meat, hides, and other goods from the Plains. Researchers will lead a team of tribally-enrolled youth interns, PhD students, and undergraduate students in an intensive field-based project that combines pedestrian survey, landscape mapping, test excavations, micro-botanical studies, and oral histories with tribal members, designed to establish the extent and content of agricultural field systems. To refine chronological understanding of the initiation of trade and the pace of agricultural intensification, the team will further employ AMS dating of both agricultural features and bison bone samples from previously-excavated midden contexts, as well as a dendrochronological study of the forests now covering the ancestral field systems. This research will produce the first large-scale account of this economic history, and it will serve as a key archaeological case study in our wider understanding of the evolution of farmer-forager mutualism.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在世界大部分地区，农业实践的大规模采用和相关的定居并不预示着移动狩猎和采集传统的终结。采集者与农民一起坚持了几个世纪——在某些情况下，数千年——与他们定居的邻居建立了新的政治、经济和社会关系。在北美西南部，大型农业村庄的兴起在激发邻近的南部平原上新的野牛狩猎传统方面发挥了关键作用，同时伴随而来的是区域间经济交流、军事联盟、异族通婚和机会主义袭击网络的加强。这种“平原-普韦布洛宏观经济”挑战了简单的进化故事情节，即以农业代替觅食，并将我们的注意力重新转向人类生活方式的适应性多样性。该项目还与Picuris Pueblo的后裔社区密切合作，计划在Picuris部落博物馆展示研究结果。这一努力是增加普韦布洛文化遗产旅游的一部分，也是向公众宣传Picuris丰富历史的一部分。这个项目考察了平原-普韦布洛宏观经济的历史发展。这个项目试图检验一个具体的，由两部分组成的假设：即(1)与南部平原的阿帕奇部落的交换关系的开始引发了农业实践的扩展和集约化；(2)这种农业转型是为了生产剩余的玉米，这些玉米可以用来交换平原的肉、皮革和其他商品。研究人员将带领一个由部落招收的青年实习生、博士生和本科生组成的团队，进行一个基于实地的密集项目，该项目结合了行人调查、景观测绘、测试挖掘、微植物学研究和部落成员的口述历史，旨在确定农业领域系统的范围和内容。为了更好地了解贸易的起源和农业集约化的速度，研究小组将进一步利用AMS对农业特征和先前挖掘的中部地区的野牛骨样本进行测年，并对现在覆盖祖先田野系统的森林进行树木年代学研究。这项研究将产生这一经济史的第一个大规模账户，它将作为一个重要的考古案例研究，在我们更广泛地了解农民-采集者互惠共生的演变。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。