Long Term Development of a Macroeconomy

宏观经济的长期发展

• 批准号: 2015965
• 负责人: Severin Fowles
• 金额: $ 10.27万
• 依托单位: Barnard College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2015965&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Long; Term; Development; Macroeconomy

In most parts of the world, wide-scale adoption of agricultural practices and associated settlement did not herald the end of mobile hunting and gathering traditions. Foragers persisted for centuries—in some cases, for millennia— alongside farmers, building new political, economic, and social relationships with their more sedentary neighbors. In the North American Southwest, the rise of large farming villages played a key role in stimulating a new fluorescence of bison-hunting traditions on the neighboring Southern Plains, as well as a concomitant intensification of interregional networks of economic exchange, military alliance, intermarriage, and opportunistic raiding. This “Plains-Pueblo macroeconomy,” challenges simple evolutionary storylines about the replacement of foraging with farming, and it redirects our attention towards the adaptive diversity of human lifeways. This project has also been developed in close collaboration with the descendant community at Picuris Pueblo, with plans to feature the results of the research in the Picuris tribal museum. This endeavor is part of an effort to increase cultural heritage tourism at the pueblo and to educate the public about Picuris’ rich history. This project examines the historical development of the Plains-Pueblo macroeconomy. This project seeks to test a specific, two-part hypothesis: namely (1) that the onset of exchange relations with Apachean groups from the Southern Plains triggered the expansion and intensification of agricultural practices and (2) that this agricultural transformation was undertaken to produce maize surpluses that could be traded for meat, hides, and other goods from the Plains. Researchers will lead a team of tribally-enrolled youth interns, PhD students, and undergraduate students in an intensive field-based project that combines pedestrian survey, landscape mapping, test excavations, micro-botanical studies, and oral histories with tribal members, designed to establish the extent and content of agricultural field systems. To refine chronological understanding of the initiation of trade and the pace of agricultural intensification, the team will further employ AMS dating of both agricultural features and bison bone samples from previously-excavated midden contexts, as well as a dendrochronological study of the forests now covering the ancestral field systems. This research will produce the first large-scale account of this economic history, and it will serve as a key archaeological case study in our wider understanding of the evolution of farmer-forager mutualism.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在世界大多数地区，大规模采用农业做法和相关的定居点并不预示着流动狩猎和采集传统的结束。采摘者在农民身边持续了几个世纪--有时甚至是数千年--与他们更久坐的邻居建立了新的政治、经济和社会关系。在北美西南部，大型农业村庄的崛起起到了关键作用，刺激了邻近的南方平原猎杀野牛传统的新荧光，以及随之而来的区域间经济交流、军事联盟、通婚和机会主义袭击网络的强化。这种“平原-普韦布洛宏观经济”挑战了简单的进化故事情节，即用耕种取代了觅食，并将我们的注意力重新引导到人类生活方式的适应性多样性上。该项目也是与Picuris Pueblo的后代社区密切合作开发的，计划在Picuris部落博物馆展示研究结果。这一努力是增加普韦布洛的文化遗产旅游并教育公众了解皮库里丰富历史的努力的一部分。这个项目考察了普韦布洛平原宏观经济的历史发展。该项目试图检验一个具体的两部分假设：即(1)与来自南方平原的阿帕奇人群体的交换关系的开始引发了农业实践的扩展和强化，以及(2)这种农业转型是为了生产玉米盈余，可以用来交易来自平原的肉类、兽皮和其他商品。研究人员将带领一个由部落招收的青年实习生、博士生和本科生组成的团队进行一个密集的野外项目，该项目结合了步行调查、景观制图、测试挖掘、微观植物学研究以及部落成员的口述历史，旨在确定农业田地系统的范围和内容。为了完善对贸易开始和农业集约化步伐的年代学理解，该小组将进一步使用AMS测年技术，对以前挖掘的中山地区的农业特征和野牛骨骼样本进行测年，以及对现在覆盖祖先田野系统的森林进行树状年代学研究。这项研究将对这一经济史进行第一次大规模的描述，它将成为我们更广泛地理解农民-觅食互助制度演变的关键考古案例研究。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。