Collaborative Research: Convective Gravity Waves in the Stratosphere (CGWaveS)

当一团空气被抬升时，通常是由地形或雷暴中的上升气流引起的，大气层中的重力波就会出现，然后重力就会作为一种力量，试图将这团空气恢复到平衡状态。当包裹超过它的平衡点时，波浪就会发生，因为它自己的动量而上升或下降。重力波在大气中扮演着重要的角色，因为它们能够影响环流模式。该奖项用于使用研究飞机和遥感仪器对中低层大气中雷暴引起的重力波进行研究。这些观测结果将与最先进的数值模式相结合，以提高对重力波的理解，并为改善它们在天气和气候模式中的表现提供指导。该项目将为一些学生和早期职业研究人员提供培训机会，并将在设施日和K-12学校访问期间进行公众宣传。合作研究小组将进行实地考察和相关的建模工作，以增加对对流重力波（CGW）动力学及其在大气环流、结构和从地球表面到平流层顶及以上的变化中的作用的理解。深对流产生的引力波以前还没有被全柱测量量化过。CGWaveS野外活动将于2022年6月在美国中部使用NSF/NCAR G-V研究飞机进行。G-V将使用垂直运输和混合示踪剂进行现场测量，使用Na共振激光雷达对15-25公里范围内的径向风进行遥感测量，并通过瑞利激光雷达对25-60公里范围内的温度和扰动进行测量。85公里处的OH气辉测量将提供关于大气结构的额外数据。将使用多种数值模型，包括理想和实际配置的WRF， GATS复杂几何可压缩大气模型（CGCAM）和ERAU声-重力波相互作用和耦合模型（MAGIC），用于整个平流层的CGW响应，以及可以解决不稳定性和湍流的GATS频谱DNS模型。测量活动、分析和建模工作将集中在四个主要科学目标上：1)测量和量化整个对流层和平流层中CGW的产生、传播和变率；2)识别和量化在各种源条件下决定CGW特征和方向的对流源动力学；3)量化在各种环境下可变风中的CGW折射、破碎和不稳定动力学、平均流相互作用及其在平流层中的影响。4)提出了WSR-88D测量产生的CGW的参数化，以及由此产生的CGW在对流层和平流层的非线性动力学和影响。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Gravity waves in the atmosphere occur when a parcel of air is lifted, usually by terrain or updrafts in thunderstorms, and then gravity serves as a force to try to restore the parcel to an equilibrium state. The waves occur as the parcel overshoots its equilibrium point, rising or sinking because of its own momentum. Gravity waves play a large role in the atmosphere due to their ability to affect circulation patterns. This award is for the study of thunderstorm-induced gravity waves in the lower to middle atmosphere, using a research aircraft and remote sensing instruments. The observations will be combined with state-of-the-art numerical models to improve understanding of gravity waves and provide guidance for improving their representation in weather and climate models. The project will provide training opportunities for a number of students and early career researchers and public outreach will be conducted during a facility day and K-12 school visits.The collaborative research team will conduct a field campaign and associated modeling effort to increase understanding of convective gravity wave (CGW) dynamics and their role in atmospheric circulation, structure, and variability from Earth’s surface to the stratopause and above. Gravity waves that are generated by deep convection have not previously been quantified by full-column measurements. The CGWaveS field campaign will be conducted in the central US in June 2022 using the NSF/NCAR G-V research aircraft. The G-V will make in situ measurements using tracers of vertical transport and mixing and remote sensing measurements of radial winds from 15-25km using a Na resonance lidar and temperature and perturbations from 25-60km via a Rayleigh lidar. OH airglow measurements at 85km will provide additional data about the atmospheric structure. Multiple numerical models will be used, including the WRF in idealized and real-case configurations, the GATS Complex Geometry Compressible Atmosphere Model (CGCAM) and ERAU Model for Acoustic-Gravity wave Interactions and Coupling (MAGIC) for CGW responses extending throughout the stratosphere, and the GATS spectral DNS models that can resolve instabilities and turbulence. The measurement campaign and analysis and modeling efforts would focus on four main science goals: 1) Measure and quantify CGW generation, propagation, and variability throughout the troposphere and stratosphere, 2) Identify and quantify the convective source dynamics that dictate CGW character and orientations for a variety of source conditions, 3) Quantify CGW refraction in variable winds, breaking and instability dynamics, mean-flow interactions, and their effects in the stratosphere for a range of environments, and 4) Advance the parameterizations of both CGW generation by WSR-88D measurements and the resulting CGW nonlinear dynamics and influences in the troposphere and stratosphere.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.