Collaborative Research: Convective Gravity Waves in the Stratosphere (CGWaveS)

当一小块空气被抬高时，大气中的重力波就会发生，通常是由于地形或雷雨中的上升气流，然后重力充当一种力量，试图将这一小块恢复到平衡状态。当地块超过其平衡点时，就会出现波浪，由于自身的动量而上升或下降。由于重力波能够影响环流模式，因此在大气中起着很大的作用。该奖项是对使用研究飞机和遥感仪器在中低大气中研究雷暴引起的重力波的奖励。这些观测将与最先进的数值模式相结合，以提高对重力波的理解，并为改善其在天气和气候模型中的表现提供指导。该项目将为一些学生和职业早期研究人员提供培训机会，并将在设施日和K-12学校访问期间进行公众宣传。合作研究小组将开展实地活动和相关的建模工作，以增加对对流重力波(CGW)动力学及其在从地球表面到平流层顶及以上的大气环流、结构和变异性中的作用的了解。由深对流产生的重力波以前没有通过全柱测量来量化。CGWaveS现场活动将于2022年6月在美国中部进行，使用的是NSF/NCAR G-V研究飞机。G-V将使用垂直输送和混合的示踪剂进行现场测量，并使用纳共振激光雷达对15-25公里范围内的径向风向进行遥感测量，以及通过瑞利激光雷达对25-60公里范围内的温度和扰动进行遥感测量。哦，85公里处的气辉测量将提供有关大气结构的额外数据。将使用多种数值模式，包括理想化和真实配置的WRF，用于整个平流层CGW响应的GATS复杂几何可压缩大气模式(CGCAM)和声-重力波相互作用和耦合的ERAU模式(MAGIC)，以及可以解决不稳定和湍流的GATS频谱DNS模式。测量活动、分析和模拟工作将集中于四个主要科学目标：1)测量和量化整个对流层和平流层中CGW的产生、传播和可变性；2)识别和量化决定各种源条件下CGW特征和方向的对流源动力学；3)在各种环境下，量化CGW在变风、破裂和不稳定动力学、平均流相互作用及其在平流层中的影响；4)推进由WSR-88D测量产生的CGW的参数化，以及由此产生的CGW在对流层和平流层的非线性动力学和影响。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Gravity waves in the atmosphere occur when a parcel of air is lifted, usually by terrain or updrafts in thunderstorms, and then gravity serves as a force to try to restore the parcel to an equilibrium state. The waves occur as the parcel overshoots its equilibrium point, rising or sinking because of its own momentum. Gravity waves play a large role in the atmosphere due to their ability to affect circulation patterns. This award is for the study of thunderstorm-induced gravity waves in the lower to middle atmosphere, using a research aircraft and remote sensing instruments. The observations will be combined with state-of-the-art numerical models to improve understanding of gravity waves and provide guidance for improving their representation in weather and climate models. The project will provide training opportunities for a number of students and early career researchers and public outreach will be conducted during a facility day and K-12 school visits.The collaborative research team will conduct a field campaign and associated modeling effort to increase understanding of convective gravity wave (CGW) dynamics and their role in atmospheric circulation, structure, and variability from Earth’s surface to the stratopause and above. Gravity waves that are generated by deep convection have not previously been quantified by full-column measurements. The CGWaveS field campaign will be conducted in the central US in June 2022 using the NSF/NCAR G-V research aircraft. The G-V will make in situ measurements using tracers of vertical transport and mixing and remote sensing measurements of radial winds from 15-25km using a Na resonance lidar and temperature and perturbations from 25-60km via a Rayleigh lidar. OH airglow measurements at 85km will provide additional data about the atmospheric structure. Multiple numerical models will be used, including the WRF in idealized and real-case configurations, the GATS Complex Geometry Compressible Atmosphere Model (CGCAM) and ERAU Model for Acoustic-Gravity wave Interactions and Coupling (MAGIC) for CGW responses extending throughout the stratosphere, and the GATS spectral DNS models that can resolve instabilities and turbulence. The measurement campaign and analysis and modeling efforts would focus on four main science goals: 1) Measure and quantify CGW generation, propagation, and variability throughout the troposphere and stratosphere, 2) Identify and quantify the convective source dynamics that dictate CGW character and orientations for a variety of source conditions, 3) Quantify CGW refraction in variable winds, breaking and instability dynamics, mean-flow interactions, and their effects in the stratosphere for a range of environments, and 4) Advance the parameterizations of both CGW generation by WSR-88D measurements and the resulting CGW nonlinear dynamics and influences in the troposphere and stratosphere.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.