Doctoral Dissertation Research: Evolution of the Extant and Fossil Colobine Primates

博士论文研究：现存和化石的疣猴灵长类动物的进化

• 批准号: 2018093
• 负责人: Christopher Gilbert
• 金额: $ 1.9万
• 依托单位: CUNY Hunter College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-15 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2018093&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Evolution; Extant

The colobine monkeys, a group of primates closely related to apes and humans, are species-rich and widespread globally. Despite an abundant fossil record demonstrating a greater ecological and geographic range in the past, their evolution remains poorly understood. This project will first determine the evolutionary relationships between the fossil and living colobines, then use these newly understood relationships to test long-standing hypotheses about the evolution of colobine habitats, diet, distribution, and diversity. Using newer methods and including recently described fossil material will provide a much-needed update on colobine evolution from earlier analyses and contribute significantly to our broader understanding of primate evolution. The methods used in this project will be evaluated for their applicability to other areas of primate evolution as well, including early human evolution. This project will also provide multiple opportunities for mentorship and public outreach by using charismatic primates to discuss primate biology, human evolution, and evolutionary theory more broadly. Outreach will continue at events hosted by New York City public schools, CUNY colleges, and the American Museum of Natural History and research opportunities related to this project for high school, undergraduate, and master's students will be provided, emphasizing broadly applicable skills in computer coding, statistical analysis, critical thinking, and research design. All products of this project, including raw data and computer program scripts, will be made available in public repositories to encourage further work on these relatively under-studied primates. This project will explore the evolutionary history of the colobine monkeys, a widespread and diverse primate radiation. In contrast to the primarily folivorous and arboreal extant colobines, fossil colobines are known from a wider geographic range and exhibit a range of inferred substrate preferences and ecologies. However, the evolutionary context of this diversity is largely unknown as the relationships between the fossil and living colobines are still poorly understood. This project will first conduct a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the living and fossil colobine monkeys and subsequently use the inferred tree(s) to explore long-held hypotheses about 1) the evolution of substrate use, 2) the number, timing, and route of dispersals between continents, and 3) the pattern and timing of colobine diversification in the context of Mio-Pliocene climatic events. Fossil and extant colobines will be scored for phylogenetic analysis and a set of functional postcranial measurements will also be taken. Parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses will be performed on both the morphological data only and in total-evidence analyses incorporating molecular data. A Bayesian tip-dated tree will be generated and used to explore changes in diversity through time, examining possible correlations with major climatic events. Biogeographic history and the evolution of substrate preference will be explored by mapping character state changes and inferring ancestral states using both parsimony optimization and Bayesian modeling. Character matrices and program codes will be made available to allow the incorporation of this work into a broader understanding of Mio-Pliocene catarrhine evolution.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

哥伦比亚猴是一群与猿和人类密切相关的灵长类动物，物种丰富，分布在全球各地。 尽管丰富的化石记录表明过去的生态和地理范围更大，但它们的进化仍然知之甚少。 该项目将首先确定化石和活colobines之间的进化关系，然后使用这些新了解的关系来测试长期存在的关于colobine栖息地，饮食，分布和多样性进化的假设。使用更新的方法，包括最近描述的化石材料将提供一个急需的更新colobine进化从早期的分析，并有助于我们更广泛地了解灵长类动物的进化。 该项目中使用的方法也将被评估其对灵长类进化其他领域的适用性，包括早期人类进化。 该项目还将通过使用魅力灵长类动物来更广泛地讨论灵长类生物学，人类进化和进化理论，为导师和公众宣传提供多种机会。 外展将继续在纽约市公立学校，纽约市立大学学院和自然历史的美国博物馆主办的活动和研究机会，与高中，本科和硕士生将提供这个项目，强调广泛适用的技能，计算机编码，统计分析，批判性思维和研究设计。 该项目的所有产品，包括原始数据和计算机程序脚本，将在公共存储库中提供，以鼓励对这些相对研究不足的灵长类动物进行进一步研究。这个项目将探讨哥伦比亚猴的进化历史，一种分布广泛且多样的灵长类辐射。 与现存的主要食叶和树栖的colobines相比，化石colobines已知来自更广泛的地理范围，并表现出一系列推断的基质偏好和生态。 然而，这种多样性的进化背景在很大程度上是未知的，因为化石和生活colobines之间的关系仍然知之甚少。 该项目将首先对活的和化石colobine猴进行全面的系统发育分析，然后使用推断的树来探索长期持有的假设：1）基质使用的演变，2）大陆之间扩散的数量，时间和路线，以及3）在中新世-上新世气候事件背景下colobine多样化的模式和时间。 将对化石和现存的colobines进行评分，以进行系统发育分析，还将进行一组功能性颅后测量。 将仅对形态学数据和纳入分子数据的全证据分析进行简约性和贝叶斯系统发育分析。 将生成贝叶斯提示日期树，并用于探索随着时间的推移多样性的变化，检查与主要气候事件的可能相关性。 生物地理的历史和基板偏好的演变将探索映射字符状态的变化和推断祖先的状态，使用简约优化和贝叶斯建模。 将提供特征矩阵和程序代码，以便将这项工作纳入对中新世-上新世卡他鼻演化的更广泛理解。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。

项目成果

New cercopithecid fossils from Hadar

哈达尔发现的新鹿猿化石

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: American journal of biological anthropology
• 作者: Arenson, JL.;Smail, IE;Frost, SR.;Gilbert, CC.
• 通讯作者: Gilbert, CC.

A new species of fossil guenon (Cercopithecini, Cercopithecidae) from the Early Pleistocene Lower Ngaloba Beds, Laetoli, Tanzania

坦桑尼亚拉埃托利早更新世下恩加洛巴床的一新种长尾猴化石（Cercopithecini，Cercopithecidae）

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.103136
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Human Evolution
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Arenson, Julia L.;Harrison, Terry;Sargis, Eric J.;Taboada, Hannah G.;Gilbert, Christopher C.
• 通讯作者: Gilbert, Christopher C.