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Doctoral Dissertation Research: Histological and elemental markers of reproductive physiology in mineralized hard tissues

博士论文研究：矿化硬组织中生殖生理学的组织学和元素标记

基本信息

批准号：
2018357
负责人：
Shara Bailey
金额：
$ 3.08万
依托单位：
New York University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-09-01 至 2022-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2018357&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Doctoral Dissertation Research Histological elemental

项目摘要

The human pattern of growth, development, reproduction and aging is unusual compared to that of our closest living primate relatives and distinctive among primates as a whole. Humans have exceptionally long lifespans, closely spaced births, an extended period of juvenile dependence and support in raising offspring by post-reproductive females. These unique life history traits have been linked to social (shared infant care) and cognitive (e.g. innovativeness) traits observed in modern humans. This doctoral dissertation research project will use state-of-the-art microscopy and chemical methods to advance current knowledge about how modern human life history evolved, by analyzing biological ‘histories’ in the fossilized remains of our extinct relatives. The study findings may inform clinical research on hard tissue diseases associated with age, reproduction and/or metabolic conditions. This project will involve the training of minority undergraduate students at NYU in the processes of lab work and data collection. The outcomes of this research will be presented to a wider audience through museum outreach activities and international collaborations.This project will use cutting-edge technologies to investigate changes in bone and teeth related to reproductive physiology. Bones and teeth record physiologically impactful events affecting the organism in the form of altered growth-layers. The investigator will generate histological thin sections to examine these growth layers using both optical and electron microscopy. In addition, complete elemental analysis of the growth layers will be carried out and a library of “elemental fingerprints” of the various types of events (pregnancy, menopause, sexual maturity, as well as illnesses and other physiological stressors) will be constructed. Finally, since the fossil remains of our extinct relatives cannot be physically sectioned for preservation reasons, the project will utilize extremely high-energy and high-resolution microtomography (phase-contrast synchrotron radiation computed micro-tomography) to gain access to the internal structure of teeth in a non-destructive way. The methods developed in this project will lay the groundwork for future application to the hominin fossil record.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

人类的生长、发育、繁殖和衰老模式与我们现存的灵长类近亲相比是不寻常的，在整个灵长类动物中也是与众不同的。人类的寿命特别长，生育间隔很近，青少年依赖期很长，生育后的女性在抚养后代方面需要支持。这些独特的生活史特征与在现代人类中观察到的社会（共享婴儿护理）和认知（例如创新）特征有关。这个博士论文研究项目将使用最先进的显微镜和化学方法，通过分析我们灭绝亲属的化石遗迹中的生物“历史”，来推进关于现代人类生命史如何演变的现有知识。研究结果可能会为与年龄，生殖和/或代谢条件相关的硬组织疾病的临床研究提供信息。该项目将涉及在实验室工作和数据收集过程中培训纽约大学的少数民族本科生。该研究成果将通过博物馆外展活动和国际合作向更广泛的受众展示。该项目将使用尖端技术来研究与生殖生理学相关的骨骼和牙齿变化。骨骼和牙齿以改变的生长层的形式记录影响生物体的生理影响事件。研究者将制作组织学薄切片，使用光学和电子显微镜检查这些生长层。此外，还将对生长层进行全面的元素分析，并建立一个各种事件（怀孕、更年期、性成熟以及疾病和其他生理压力）的“元素指纹”库。最后，由于我们已灭绝亲属的化石遗骸不能出于保存原因进行物理切片，该项目将利用极高能量和高分辨率显微断层摄影术（相位对比同步辐射计算机显微断层摄影术）以非破坏性方式进入牙齿的内部结构。该项目中开发的方法将为未来应用于人类化石记录奠定基础。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。