Doctoral Dissertation Research in Economics: Heat Exposure and Dietary Choices

经济学博士论文研究：热暴露与饮食选择

• 批准号: 2018782
• 负责人: Giovanni Giuntella
• 金额: $ 6.26万
• 依托单位: University of Pittsburgh
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-08-15 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2018782&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Economics; Heat

Global obesity epidemic and secular increases in heat are two problems facing the world. Heat waves may have negative consequences on human health but it is not clear through which mechanisms increasing heat affect human health. This research project will use both economic theory and data t investigate the effects of long-term heat waves on obesity through its effects on dietary choices. The research project combines the economics and psychological and behavioral literature to link changing rising heatwaves and obesity through dietary choices. The project will link three large data sets over long periods of time for the study. This is one of the few studies that links obesity to heat waves with the major innovation coming from its focus on long-term heatwaves as opposed to short term increases in temperature. This research also explores the potential mechanisms through which heat waves affect obesity and other health problems. The results of this research project will provide inputs into policies to reduce the effects of climate change on health outcomes.The proposed research will synthesize three large datasets: the Nielsen HomeScan Consumer Panel, a nationally representative panel of U.S. household retail purchases of more than two million unique Universal Product Codes (UPCs) from 2004 to 2017; the NOAA Daily Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN-Daily) database, and the Nutritionix Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG) dataset represented in the Nielsen panel. The researcher will construct a panel of household grocery purchases, the nutritional content of those purchases, and measures of contemporaneous heat exposure based on historical weather data from the household's geographic location. The proposed research will apply generalized additive models (GAMs), allowing for the common finding in prior literature of nonlinear effects of temperature on economic behavior and outcomes, to estimate the relationship between temperature and nutritional content of purchases. The researcher will then use these findings to elucidate the mechanisms by which heat influences dietary choices and identify regions or subpopulations for which targeted mitigating policies would be most valuable.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

全球肥胖流行和热量长期增加是世界面临的两个问题。 热浪可能对人类健康产生负面影响，但目前尚不清楚增加热量的机制如何影响人类健康。 该研究项目将利用经济理论和数据来研究长期热浪通过其对饮食选择的影响对肥胖的影响。 该研究项目结合了经济学、心理和行为文献，通过饮食选择将不断变化的热浪与肥胖联系起来。 该项目将在很长一段时间内连接三个大型数据集以进行研究。 这是为数不多的将肥胖与热浪联系起来的研究之一，其主要创新之处在于它关注长期热浪而不是短期气温升高。 这项研究还探讨了热浪影响肥胖和其他健康问题的潜在机制。 该研究项目的结果将为减少气候变化对健康结果影响的政策提供投入。拟议的研究将综合三个大型数据集：Nielsen HomeScan Consumer Panel，一个具有全国代表性的小组，涵盖 2004 年至 2017 年美国家庭零售购买的超过 200 万个唯一通用产品代码 (UPC)； NOAA 每日全球历史气候网络 (GHCN-Daily) 数据库和 Nielsen 面板中的 Nutritionix 消费品 (CPG) 数据集。研究人员将根据家庭地理位置的历史天气数据构建一个家庭杂货购买、这些购买的营养成分以及同期热暴露测量数据的面板。拟议的研究将应用广义加性模型（GAM），利用先前文献中关于温度对经济行为和结果的非线性影响的常见发现，来估计温度与购买的营养成分之间的关​​系。然后，研究人员将利用这些发现来阐明高温影响饮食选择的机制，并确定有针对性的缓解政策最有价值的地区或亚人群。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。