Family pictures and dynastic representation of civic families in late medieval Nuremberg (14th -16th century)

迄今为止，历史和艺术史领域的研究忽视了中世纪晚期的家庭照片。因此，这项研究遵循菲利普·阿里特斯的说法，他声称家庭意识在16世纪首次发展到如此程度，以至于它反映在艺术中。然而，我们的初步工作证明，自14世纪中叶以来，家庭照片作为一种新型照片的分布越来越广泛。这种新类型首先出现在宗教背景下，以捐赠的图片形式出现，显示捐赠者与亲属，高贵族。大约在1400年，这些画在中产阶级中越来越受欢迎，这一现象可以追溯到帝国城市纽伦堡的例子。因此，本研究计划以纽伦堡为个案，探讨14至16世纪的家庭照片作为一种新的王朝表现形式。它有必要准确地确定家庭照片的日期并确定购买者。对表现方式和描绘方式的研究旨在显示社会和王朝的意图以及神圣家族主题的后期影响。此外，我们感兴趣的是，这些图片是如何以及何时从宗教背景中发展出来的，在公民和贵族自我塑造的社会领域中。此外，家庭照片必须与其他形式的王朝政治和表现形式进行对比，这些形式很容易获得，例如遗嘱合同，房屋历史记录等。其中，16至18世纪的家族史学对中世纪晚期家庭照片的接受也进行了调查。

Research in the fields of history and art history has so far ignored the late medieval family pictures. Thus the research follows Philippe Ariès, who claimed that a sense of family developed for the first time in the 16th century to such a degree that it were reflected in the arts. Our preliminary work however proves an increasing distribution of family pictures as a new type of pictures since the middle of the 14th century. This new type occurs first in a religious context in the form of pictures of endowment, showing the benefactor with relatives, of the high nobility. About 1400 these pictures became increasingly popular with the middling sort, a phenomenon which can be traced in the chosen example of the imperial city of Nuremberg. Therefore the research project intends to explore family pictures of the 14th to the 16th century as a new type of dynastic representation by a case study of Nuremberg.It is necessary for it to date the family pictures exactly and to identify the purchasers. The research on the ways of representation and those depicted intends to show social and dynastic intentions and a late influence of the sujet of the Holy family. Further we are interested in how and when the pictures grew out of the religious context in the social spheres of civic and noble self-fashioning. In addition, family pictures have to be contrasted with other forms of dynastic politics and representation that were easily available, e.g. testamentary contracts, house historiography etc. In that, the reception of late medieval family pictures in family historiography of the 16th till the 18th century is intended to investigate too.