Collaborative Research: Origins and population history of marine and terrestrial hunter-gatherer groups

合作研究：海洋和陆地狩猎采集群体的起源和人口历史

• 批准号: 2019607
• 负责人: Nicole Misarti
• 金额: $ 14.99万
• 依托单位: University of Alaska Fairbanks Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2019607&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Origins; population; history

While we have a deep understanding of human migration and history in some regions of the planet, the peopling of the Americas is still relatively under-studied. With support from SBE-BCS-Biological Anthropology and the Office of Integrative Activities' NSF 2026 Fund Program and Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR), Drs. Alfonso-Durruty (Kansas State University), Misarti (University of Alaska Fairbanks), and Bolnick (University of Connecticut) will use skeletal, genetic, dietary and archaeological data to examine two distinct ecological adaptations, terrestrial and marine hunting/gathering, that are highly specialized and appear in the archaeological record at different times. By using multiple sources of information, this study will effectively expand our knowledge and understanding of the Indigenous Peoples of a remote region of the Americas. The project will foster international scientific research collaborations, engage with local communities, and provide training, mentoring, and learning opportunities to undergraduate and graduate students in subjects such as the production of 3D analogs and 3D digital data, database design and management, scientific communication and dissemination, molecular anthropology, and the chemical (stable isotope) analyses of bone for dietary reconstructions. The project also will address two of the top thirty-three NSF 2026 Idea Machine entries: “Designing Ecosystems for the Future” and “Reversibility: Future of Life on Earth." This study will utilize biodistance markers, stable isotope data, next-generation genome sequencing, radio-carbon dating, and statistical methods to estimate biodistance, compare and evaluate diets, and reconstruct the population history of indigenous groups. The data will be analyzed to determine whether or not pre-contact terrestrial and marine groups had different origins, or whether the earlier terrestrial hunter gatherers eventually gave rise to marine groups. The extended period of time covered by the data to be collected will allow for reconstruction of the dynamics involved in the population history of a remote region of the Americas.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

虽然我们对地球上某些地区的人类迁徙和历史有着深刻的了解，但美洲的人口仍然相对不足。在SBE-BCS-生物人类学和综合活动办公室的NSF 2026基金计划和刺激竞争性研究的既定计划（EPSCoR）的支持下，Alfonso-Durruty博士（堪萨斯州立大学），米萨尔蒂（阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯）和博尔尼克（康涅狄格大学）将使用骨骼，遗传，饮食和考古数据来研究两种不同的生态适应，陆地和海洋狩猎/采集，高度专业化，出现在不同时期的考古记录中。通过使用多种信息来源，这项研究将有效地扩大我们对美洲偏远地区土著人民的认识和了解。该项目将促进国际科学研究合作，与当地社区合作，并为本科生和研究生提供培训，指导和学习机会，如3D模拟物和3D数字数据的制作，数据库设计和管理，科学交流和传播，分子人类学以及用于饮食重建的骨骼化学（稳定同位素）分析。该项目还将解决NSF 2026 Idea Machine前33名中的两个：“为未来设计生态系统”和“可逆性：地球生命的未来”。“这项研究将利用生物距离标记，稳定同位素数据，下一代基因组测序，放射性碳测年和统计方法来估计生物距离，比较和评估饮食，并重建土著群体的人口历史。这些数据将被分析，以确定接触前的陆地和海洋群体是否有不同的起源，或者早期的陆地狩猎采集者最终是否产生了海洋群体。收集的数据所涵盖的时间延长将允许重建美洲偏远地区人口历史中所涉及的动态。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。